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Abstract

Abstract. Neoclassic economic theory suggests global market integration as a strategy to reduce poverty. In line with this paradigm, an increasing number of developing countries have focused on tourism to generate foreign exchange earnings and to meet rising workforce pressure. Coastlines in particular, have been at the forefront of tourist infrastructure development. The article describes tourism development in the village of Kiwengwa on the east coast of Unguja Island (Zanzibar), Tanzania. It is shown that changes caused by tourism are far more complex than economic theory suggests. Economically, tourism has substantially increased local income, but it has also led to a focus on individual benefit and dissolving kinship relationships, encouraged the abandonment of traditional resource-use strategies, contributed to the commoditization of local natural resources, and spread the idea that these resources can be replaced with imports. Overall, tourism has fundamentally disrupted the local socio-economic system and led to a self-reinforcing cycle of ecosystem degradation. Tourism development is nevertheless perceived as positive and sustainable, because (i) changes are complex and damage becomes perceptible only in the medium-or long-term future, (ii) the tourist industry tends to shift its impacts to remote areas, i.e. a supplying periphery, (iii) the village has become a center of resource allocation itself, with imports compensating for the losses in local ecosystem capacity. As a development option imposed by the transnational tourist industry, tourism leads to the creation of new centers (i.e. the former periphery) while simultaneously creating new peripheries. In a finite world with a limited hinterland for such a continuous expansion, this cannot be sustainable.

Sensitivity Analysis of Coastal City Tourism and Environmental Systems Based on Coupling Model

“…(3) Dubois et al found that the development of tourism has had adverse effects on the atmospheric environment, which should be paid attention to. (4) Gössling (5) and Anisimov and Ryzhenkov (6) believed that laws and regulations should be further improved, and policies for tourism development and environmental protection should be introduced to promote the development of the tourism industry. Holden noted that the development of tourism is closely related to the natural environment and concluded that establishing a strong environmental protection ethics system is necessary to meet the environmental challenges facing the tourism industry's development.…”

“…Finally, we calculated the difference coefficient of index j (a j ) to determine its weight (w j ) [Eqs (4). and(5)].…”

Who benefits from seafood trade? A comparison of social and market structures in small-scale fisheries

“…Tourism is viewed, from a neoliberalist point of view, as a positive thing because if well-managed it can support local development while transferring capital from the developed to the developing world (Gössling 2001(Gössling , 2003. However the changes that tourism development creates are complex and consequences are often not visible in the short term (Gössling 2001(Gössling , 2003. In terms of local VC actors, a few traders (28% of the sample) in Unguja benefit financially on a short time scale because they earn higher daily net incomes than traders not connected to this lucrative market.…”

Mengatur Desa Wisata: Wawasan Peran Local Champion Dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Berbasis Komunitas

“…Akan tetapi dibalik positifnya tujuan pengembangan pariwisata berbasis komunitas, masyarakat memiliki keterbatasan skill dan pengetahuan professional dalam mengelola usaha baru (Anderson, 2015;Gössling, 2002). Perjalanan mereka dalam upaya mengelola dan mengkapitalisasi sumber daya budaya dan alam untuk meningkatkan tingkat kesejahteraan mereka menjadi satu kajian yang menarik.…”