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Kyselý, Jan; Kalvová, Jarošlava; Květoň, Vít

doi:10.1023/a:1022009924435

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…of temperature-and precipitation-related characteristics such as heat-waves (e.g. Kyselý et al, 2000;Kyselý, 2002;Della-Marta et al, 2007a,b;Fischer et al, 2007a), particularly with respect to the extremely hot and dry summer of 2003 when between 22 000 and 35 000 heat-related deaths were recorded across Europe (e.g. Beniston, 2004;Schär and Jendritzky, 2004;Schönwiese et al, 2004;Stott et al, 2004;Trigo et al, 2005;Chase et al, 2006;Fischer et al, 2007b), and droughts (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate fluctuations in the Czech Republic during the period 1961–2005

Brázdil

Chromá

Dobrovolný

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Climatology

131

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This article addresses climatic fluctuations in the Czech Republic in the period . On the basis of data collected at 23 climatological stations, the fluctuations in monthly, seasonal, and annual series of selected climate variables, homogenized by means of Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) (after Alexandersson), are analysed. With almost unchanging temperature continentality expressed by the Gorczyński index, the annual series of mean air temperature, maximum and minimum temperature, daily temperature range, and sunshine duration all exhibit a rising linear trend, in contrast to dropping trends in relative air humidity, number of days with snow cover, and mean wind speed. There are no pronounced changes in precipitation totals, although their distribution over the course of the year becomes more regular in terms of the Markham seasonality index. Temperature trends, with the exception of autumn, show a clear enhancement since the 1980s; statistically significant rising trends occur for only spring, summer and the year in a good agreement with the Northern Hemisphere series. Linkage to fluctuation in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) is best expressed by the Czech temperature characteristics for January, February, and winter (in similar fashion to that for the number of days with snow cover), which can be ascribed to intensification of the western airflow over Central Europe. On the other hand, linkage to NAOI for precipitation is essentially weaker, because of the role of synoptic processes in influencing the occurrence of precipitation at the regional scale. Better relationships for temperature variables and wind speed are obtained if the Central European Zonal Index (CEZI) is used instead of NAOI as an indicator of circulation patterns in Central Europe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate fluctuations in the Czech Republic during the period 1961–2005

Brázdil

Chromá

Dobrovolný

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Climatology

131

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“…The station belonged to the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG), and the data are considered representative of Eastern Austria. Based on the definition of heat waves in Central Europe [ 52 , 53 ], we evaluated the characteristics of the heat waves in this decade. The mean duration of the 28 heat waves was 9.9 days (3–29 days).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducing during Heat Waves: Influence of Juvenile and Adult Environment on Fecundity of a Pest Mite and Its Predator

Tscholl

Nachman

Spangl

et al. 2023

Biology

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The thermal history of arthropod predators and their prey may affect their reproductive performance during heat waves. Thus, a matching juvenile and adult environment should be beneficial as it enables the individuals to acclimate to extreme conditions. Prey fecundity, however, is also affected by a second stressor, namely predation risk. Here, we assessed the impact of extreme and mild heat waves on the reproductive output of acclimated (juvenile and adult heat wave conditions are matching) and non-acclimated females of the biocontrol agent Phytoseiulus persimilis, a predatory mite, and its herbivorous prey, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, on bean leaves. Their escape and oviposition rates and egg sizes were recorded over 10 days. Additionally, ovipositing prey females were exposed to predator cues and heat waves. Acclimation changed the escape rates and egg sizes of both species, whereas fecundity was only influenced by the adult thermal environment via increased egg numbers under extreme heat waves. Acclimation reduced predator and prey escape rates, which were higher for the predator. Pooled over acclimation, both species deposited more but smaller eggs under extreme heat waves. Acclimation dampened this effect in prey eggs, whereas acclimation resulted in smaller female eggs of the predator. Prey deposited larger male and female eggs. Predator cues reduced prey oviposition, but the effect was small compared to the large increase gained under extreme heat waves. We argue that the success of predators in controlling spider mites during heat waves mainly depends on the fates of escaping predators. A permanent absence of predators may result in the numerical dominance of prey.

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“…These data were obtained from a meteorological station in the town of Eisenstadt (48.117° N, 16.567° E), capital of Burgenland, Austria (representative of Eastern Austria). Consecutive hot days were characterized as heat waves when the daily T max values reached ≥30°C for the first three consecutive days; the daily T max was below 30°C, but not 25°C for single days during a heat wave period; and finally, the average T max was >30°C for the entire heat wave period (Huth et al., 2000 ; Kyselý et al., 2000 ). The analyses revealed that the daily maximum temperatures did not exceed 35°C (85.95%) for the majority of heat waves during this time period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental exposure to heat waves improves offspring reproductive investment in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), but not in its predator, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Tscholl,

Nachman,

Spangl

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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The more frequent and intense occurrence of heat waves is a challenge for arthropods because their unpredictable incidence requires fast adaptations by the exposed individuals. Phenotypic plasticity within and across generations might be a solution to cope with the detrimental effects of heat waves, especially for fast‐developing, small arthropods with limited dispersal abilities. Therefore, we studied whether severe heat may affect the reproduction of a pest species, the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, and its counterpart, the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. Single offspring females with different parental thermal origins (reared under mild or extreme heat waves) of both species were exposed to mild or extreme heat waves on bean leaves over 10 days, and the oviposition, egg sizes, survival, and escape behavior of the females were evaluated daily. The total losses of predators mainly via escapers were very high compared to prey, which makes a separation between selective and plastic effects on shifted reproductive traits impossible. Predator females laid smaller eggs, while their consumption and oviposition rates were unaffected during extreme heat waves. In comparison, larger prey females fed more and produced more, but smaller, eggs due to within‐ and trans‐generational effects. These advantages for the prey in comparison to its predator when exposed to extreme heat waves during the reproductive phase support the trophic sensitivity hypothesis: higher trophic levels (i.e., the predator) are more sensitive to thermal stress than lower trophic levels (i.e., the prey). Furthermore, the species‐specific responses may reflect their lifestyles. The proactive and mobile predator should be selected for behavioral thermoregulation under heat waves via spatiotemporal avoidance of heat‐exposed locations rather than relying on physiological adaptations in contrast to the more sessile prey. Whether these findings also influence predator–prey interactions and their population dynamics under heat waves remains an open question.

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Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Climate fluctuations in the Czech Republic during the period 1961–2005

Climate fluctuations in the Czech Republic during the period 1961–2005

Reproducing during Heat Waves: Influence of Juvenile and Adult Environment on Fecundity of a Pest Mite and Its Predator

Parental exposure to heat waves improves offspring reproductive investment in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), but not in its predator, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

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