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Sil'man, G. I.; Kamynin, V. V.; Tarasov, A. A.

doi:10.1023/a:1027320116132

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…It is known that the addition of alloy elements, cooling rate and formation of graphite influence the properties of cast iron. Copper leads to the graphitizing and pearlitization of cast iron, which are phase-stabilizing, which substantially affects mechanical properties such as strength, toughness and corrosion resistance [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Many researchers have studied the effect of Cu addition on the mechanical properties and structure formation of cast iron.…”

Section: Reduction Smelting For Ironmakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

Wang

Erdenebold

2020

Sustainability

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Copper smelting slag is a solution of molten oxides created during the copper smelting and refining process, and about 1.5 million tons of copper slag are generated annually in Korea. The oxides in copper smelting slag include ferrous (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), silica (SiO2 from flux), alumina (AI2O3), calcia (CaO) and magnesia (MgO). The main oxides in copper slag, which are iron oxide and silica, exist in the form of fayalite (2FeO·SiO2). Since copper smelting slag contains high content of iron, and copper and zinc, common applications of copper smelting slag can be used in value-added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, road-base construction, railroad ballast, fine aggregate in concrete, etc. Some studies have attempted to recover metal values from copper slag. This research was intended to recover ferrous alloy contained Cu, a raw material of zinc, from copper slag, and produce reformed slag such as blast furnace slag for Portland cement. As a result, it was confirmed that with reduction smelting by carbon at temperatures above 1400 °C, it is possible to recover pig iron containing copper from copper smelting slag, and the addition of CaO in reduction smelting helped to reduce iron oxide in the fayalite and change the chemical and mineralogical composition of the slag. The copper oxide in the slag can be easily reduced and dissolved in the molten pig iron, and zinc oxide is also reduced to a volatile zinc, which is removed from the furnace as fumes, by carbon during the reduction process. When CaO addition is above 5%, acid slag is completely transformed into calcium silicate slag and is observed to be like blast furnace slag.

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Section: Reduction Smelting For Ironmakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

Wang

Erdenebold

2020

Sustainability

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“…A thin layer of copper solid solution at graphite / matrix interface prevents the decomposition of pearlite [9]. Alternatively, when copper and manganese are added together, the copper in ferrite concentrates the manganese in cementite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pearlite Stabilisation by Copper on Ductile Cast Iron

Tsujikawa

Matsumoto

Nakamoto

et al. 2010

KEM

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Abstract. In ductile cast irons with copper, cementite stability was investigated against an annealing heat treatment used to obtain a fully ferritic matrix. Copper controls cast-iron mechanical properties, but its role in the matrix microstructure formation remains unclear. Some reports suggest the copper layer around graphite or cementite. They can be barrier to carbon diffusion at eutectoid reaction, however it is difficult to understand the mechanism of pearlite stability by copper. To confirm the existence of the barrier and effect of copper addtion, ten 9-mm-thick spheroidal graphite cast iron castings were prepared with different copper contents of 0.16 wt% -0.69 wt%. The samples' as-cast microstructures included spheroidal graphite, ledeburite, and pearlite. The pearlite fraction degreases to about 10% by heat treatment for ordinary ductile irons without intentional copper addition. The samples' copper content and the pearlite fraction after heat treatment are not linearly related. The retained pearlite increased suddenly with increased copper content greater than 0.4 wt%. However, even the sample with the highest copper content showed no precipitation of a copper solid solution around graphite nodule or cementite.

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“…The fatigue limit in excess of 300 MPa was possibly related to well-distributed chill pearlite in the microstructure [51]. This could have been further stabilized by ε-Cu formation that occurs for >0.2% Cu [52].…”

Section: Alloying Strategies For High Silicon Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Strain Rate, Temperature and Chemical Composition on High Silicon Ductile Iron

Borgström¹

2021

Minerals

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Today, the use of solution hardened ductile iron is limited by brittleness under certain conditions. If chassis components are subjected to loads having high strain rates exceeding those imposed during tensile testing at sub-zero temperatures, unexpected failure can occur. Therefore, it is the purpose of this review to discuss three main mechanisms, which have been related to brittle failure in high silicon irons: intercritical embrittlement, the integrity of the ferritic matrix and deformation mechanisms in the graphite. Intercritical embrittlement is mainly attributed to the formation of Mg- and S-rich grain boundary films. The formation of these films is suppressed if the amount of free Mg- and MgS-rich inclusions is limited by avoiding excess Mg and/or by the passivation of free Mg with P. If the grain boundary film is not suppressed, the high silicon iron has very low elongations in the shakeout temperature regime: 300 to 500 °C. The integrity and strength of the ferrite are limited by the reduced ordering of the silicumferrite with increasing silicon content, once the “ordinary” ferrite is saturated at 3% silicon, depending on the cooling conditions. Finally, the graphite damaging mechanisms are what dictate the properties most at low temperatures (sub −20 °C).

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Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

Pearlite Stabilisation by Copper on Ductile Cast Iron

Influence of Strain Rate, Temperature and Chemical Composition on High Silicon Ductile Iron

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