“…Reactions of electrophilic addition, in general, and of protonation, in particular, have been theoretically investigated in a number of cases, usually involving free nucleophiles. They include halogenation of olefins, alkynes, and allenes, reaction of S 2 2+ with alkenes, protonation of olefins, alkanes, ketenes, thiouracils, chlorine nitrate, phenanthrolines, macrocycles, quinolines, benzazepines, and acetanilides, boranes, and thiazoles, and anti-Mills−Nixon systems . Less studied is the electrophilic addition to a substrate activated upon coordination, examples including interaction of weak acids and aldehydes with bis-allylpalladium complexes, addition of CO 2 to 2-lithio-1,3-dithiane, addition of methyl cation to arene tricarbonylchromium complexes, and protonation of η 2 -allene, of η 2 -alkynes, of biological macromolecules, and of titanium peroxo complexes .…”