Elaborating the cry of pain model of suicidality: Testing a psychological model in a sample of first‐time and repeat self‐harm patients

Rasmussen, Susan; Fraser, Louisa; Götz, M. J.; MacHale, Siobhan; Mackie, Rhona; Masterton, George; McConachie, Susan; O’Connor, Rory C.

doi:10.1348/014466509x415735

Cited by 117 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…There is growing empirical evidence for the central tenets of the arrested flight model of suicidal behaviour (O'Connor, 2003;Rasmussen, Fraser, Gotz, MacHale, Mackie, et al, 2010;. In a casecontrol study, O'Connor (2003) found that the arrested flight variables (high inescapability, high defeat, and low social support) significantly discriminated between self-harm patients and controls.…”

Section: Conceptual and Empirical Rationale For Imvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in the multivariate analyses none of the clinical variables (anxiety, depression, hopelessness) was a statistically significant predictor when considered alongside the arrested flight variables. In a more recent case-control study, Rasmussen et al (2010) compared three groups of patients (first-time self-harm patients versus repeat self-harm patients versus hospital controls) on the arrested flight variables and found that the three groups differed along each of these constructs in the predicted directions (see Figure 11.2). Thus, repeat self-harm patients reported significantly higher levels of entrapment than first-time self-harm patients and hospital controls.…”

Section: Conceptual and Empirical Rationale For Imvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards an Integrated Motivational–Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour

O’Connor

2011

International Handbook of Suicide Prevention

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The aetiology of suicide is complex, encompassing a multifaceted array of risk and protective factors. Although a comprehensive understanding of suicidality requires an appreciation of biological, psychological, and social perspectives, the focus in this chapter is primarily on the psychological determinants of suicidal behaviour. Herein I explore the research literature with a view to identifying those psychological factors that increase the likelihood that someone chooses death rather than life. However, as these psychological factors do not operate in isolation, they are presented as components within a new model, the Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) Model of Suicidal Behaviour. This tri partite model maps the relationship between background factors and trigger events, and the development of suicidal ideation/intent through to suicidal behaviour. Before proceeding to the IMV model, I set the scene by outlining a number of the predominant models of suicide. This is followed by a description of the IMV model and a discussion of how theoretical constructs from other models fit within the IMV model. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of potential next steps in the development, refinement, and testing of the model. International Handbook of Suicide Prevention

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Section: Conceptual and Empirical Rationale For Imvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual and Empirical Rationale For Imvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an Integrated Motivational–Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour

O’Connor

2011

International Handbook of Suicide Prevention

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385

314

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“…Consequently, if an individual perceives no escape or rescue from the situation, suicidal ideation emerges. More recently, defeat and entrapment have been shown to be important factors in understanding suicidal thoughts and actions [25] and self-harm [26] cross-sectionally and over time [27,28].…”

Section: How Are Social Comparisons Related To Suicidal Outcomes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the income and suicidality relationship: income rank is more strongly associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts than income

Wetherall

Daly

Robb

et al. 2015

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Connor, R. C. (2015) Explaining the income and suicidality relationship: income rank is more strongly associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts than income. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50(6) and sex by education by region). Along with absolute income and demographic covariates, these variables were tested for associations with suicidal thoughts and attempts, both across the lifetime and in the past year.Results. Absolute income was associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts, both across the lifetime and in the past year. However, when income rank within the four comparison groups was regressed on lifetime suicidal thoughts and actions, only income rank remained significant and therefore accounted for this relationship. A similar result was found for suicidal thoughts within the past year although the pattern was less clear for suicide attempts in the past year.Conclusions. Social position, rather than absolute income, may be more important in understanding suicidal thoughts and attempts. This suggests that it may be psychosocial rather than material factors that explain the relationship between income and suicidal outcomes.

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“…Social withdrawal represents a perilous risk process for exceeding the threshold to suicidal behavior. On the one hand, it fosters a cognitive and emotional narrowing, in which positive future-oriented thoughts are hardly accessible (Rasmussen et al, 2010). On the other hand, through social withdrawal, the person (consciously or non-consciously) creates "favorable" conditions to be able to attempt suicide uninterruptedly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Suicide Attempters Wired Differently?

Brüdern¹,

Berger²,

Michel³

et al. 2015

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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Limited research exists on internal risk processes in suicide attempters and factors that distinguish them from nonsuicidal depressive individuals. In this qualitative study, we investigated Plans, motives, and underlying self-regulatory processes of the two groups and conducted a comparative analysis. We analyzed narrative interviews of 17 suicide attempters and intake interviews of 17 nonsuicidal depressive patients using Plan Analysis. Then, we developed a prototypical Plan structure for both groups. Suicidal behavior serves various Plans found only in suicide attempters. Plans of this group are especially related to social perfectionism and withdrawal to protect their self-esteem. Depressive patients use several interpersonal control and coping strategies, which might help prevent suicidal behavior. The prototypical Plan structure of suicide attempters may be a valuable tool for clinicians to detect critical Plans and motives in their interaction with patients, which are related to suicide risk. (World Health Organization, 2008). Suicide is among the ten leading causes of death, and it is estimated that in 2020, suicide will represent 2.4% of the global burden of disease (World Health Organization, 2008). In the past two decades, a considerable number of models trying to understand suicidal behavior have been developed. The main focus has been identifying risk factors of suicidal behavior and associated high-risk groups. For example, mood disorders are a frequently discussed risk factor for suicidal behavior. Bertolote and Fleischmann (2002) found that in the general population, 35.8% of individuals who committed suicide had a mood disorder. The highest risk of committing suicide is during a major depressive episode; 3.2% of individuals who experience a major depression die of suicide (Blair-West et al., 1999). After a closer examination, it seems that depression predicts suicidal ideation, but not suicide plans or attempts (Nock et al., 2010). Powell et al. (2000) found in a study with psychiatric inpatients that on the basis of identified risk factors (e.g., chronic mental illness, family history of suicide), only two of the patients who committed suicide had a predicted risk of suicide above 5%. These findings imply that suicidal behavior is more than a psychiatric diagnosis, such as depression, and should be approached as an independent behavior that must be examined separately (Linehan, 2008). Hence, the understanding of proximal processes that lead to suicidal behavior is crucial and can be clinically useful. Until now, research surrounding the internal risk processes of suicidal behavior has been limited. Furthermore, we know little about the mechanisms that may distinguish suicide attempters from depressive individuals who do not attempt suicide. Therefore, the present qualitative study focuses on typical Plans (as explained below), motives, and the underlying selfregulatory processes of suicide attempters compared with nonsuicidal depressive individuals. Self-Regulatory Processes and Sui...

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Elaborating the cry of pain model of suicidality: Testing a psychological model in a sample of first‐time and repeat self‐harm patients

Cited by 117 publications

References 24 publications

Towards an Integrated Motivational–Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour

Towards an Integrated Motivational–Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour

Explaining the income and suicidality relationship: income rank is more strongly associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts than income

Are Suicide Attempters Wired Differently?

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