Elaiophores: their taxonomic distribution, morphology and functions

Possobom, Clívia Carolina Fiorilo; Machado, Sílvia Rodrigues

doi:10.1590/0102-33062017abb0088

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 150 publications

(343 reference statements)

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“…Similar vacuolar inclusions were present in the nectary tissue cells in other plants (e.g. Antoń and Kamińska 2015;Possobom and Machado 2017). As reported by Wist and Davis (2005), this type of myelin-like figures may serve a lysosomal function and be involved in the continual degradation of senescing organelles during nectary secretion.…”

Section: Flower and Nectary Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 77%

Taxonomic traits in the microstructure of flowers of parasitic Orobanche picridis with particular emphasis on secretory structures

Konarska

Chmielewski

2019

Protoplasma

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Orobanche picridis is an obligate root parasite devoid of chlorophyll in aboveground organs, which infects various Picris species. Given the high level of phenotypic variability of the species, the considerable limitation of the number of taxonomically relevant traits (mainly in terms of generative elements), and the low morphological variation between species, Orobanche is regarded as one of the taxonomically most problematic genera. This study aimed to analyse the taxonomic traits of O. picridis flowers with the use of stereoscopic and bright-field microscopy as well as fluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The micromorphology of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils was described. For the first time, the anatomy of parasitic Orobanche nectaries and the ultrastructure of nectaries and glandular trichomes were presented. Special attention was paid to the distribution and types of glandular and non-glandular trichomes as well as the types of metabolites contained in these structures. It was demonstrated that the nectary gland was located at the base of the gynoecium and nectar was secreted through modified nectarostomata. The secretory parenchyma cells contained nuclei, large amyloplasts with starch granules, mitochondria, and high content of endoplasmic reticulum profiles. Nectar was transported via symplastic and apoplastic routes. The results of histochemical assays and fluorescence tests revealed the presence of four groups of metabolites, i.e. polyphenols (tannins, flavonoids), lipids (acidic and neutral lipids, essential oil, sesquiterpenes, steroids), polysaccharides (acidic and neutral polysaccharides), and alkaloids, in the trichomes located on perianth elements and stamens.

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Section: Flower and Nectary Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 77%

Taxonomic traits in the microstructure of flowers of parasitic Orobanche picridis with particular emphasis on secretory structures

Konarska

Chmielewski

2019

Protoplasma

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“…In oil-producing Cucurbitaceae, Possobom & Machado (2017) reported the adhesive properties of oil from male flowers, which adhere the pollen grain to the body of floral visitors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral resins of Philodendron adamantinum (Araceae): secretion, release and synchrony with pollinators

2018

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Philodendron is the only genus of Araceae in which resin release occurs in the inflorescence. The resinous secretion adheres to the smooth body surface of the pollinating scarab beetles and allows attachment of pollen grains, making its transport possible. In order to understand the process of resin synthesis and release to the external environment, we used structural, ultrastructural and histochemical analyses at different stages of development of the inflorescences of Philodendron adamantinum. Two types of secretory canals were observed in the spathe: small caliber canals near the abaxial face, and larger caliber canals in the adaxial region. Only the latter canals release secretion into the external environment. The secretory epithelium in these canals is formed by a layer of cuneiform cells, and exhibits secretory activity throughout the development of the spathe. Resin exudation is a peculiar characteristic of these canals and appears to result from pressure exerted by the secretory epithelium and by structural modifications in the wall of cells adjacent to the epidermis, which allow the formation of a separation zone whereby the resin is released. The observed synchrony between anther dehiscence and resin exudation of P. adamantinum enhances the role of this secretion in the pollination process.

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“…The most common examples are plants that mimic carrion or faeces cues used by flies that breed on those substrates (e.g., Lack & Diaz, 1991;reviewed in Urru, Stensmyr, & Hansson, 2011;Schiestl, 2017). Ten other plant families have evolved to provide oil in their flowers through specialized structures called elaiophores in order to attract female bees (Possobom & Machado, 2017;Vogel, 1969), which use this oil for nest construction and larval food (Buchmann, 1987). Ten other plant families have evolved to provide oil in their flowers through specialized structures called elaiophores in order to attract female bees (Possobom & Machado, 2017;Vogel, 1969), which use this oil for nest construction and larval food (Buchmann, 1987).…”

Section: Pl Ant Tr Aits: S Elec Tive At Tr Ac Ti On Of One P Ollinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in pollinator behavior: Patterns across species and consequences for the mutualism

Smith

Bronstein

Papaj

2019

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Intraspecific variation in floral visitor behaviour and pollination efficiency has been much less studied than interspecific variation. Nevertheless, it is clear that large differences in these traits exist within species, and in particular between sexes within species. With the exception of a few well‐studied interactions, however, the consequences of these differences in the pollinators and visited plants remain to be investigated. In this review, we document large and consistent differences in the foraging patterns of male and female pollinators that have been demonstrated to directly affect plant reproduction or that have clear potential to do so. Males and females differ in visitation frequency, type of flowers visited, and per‐visit pollen transfer. Females gather more and different resources from flowers compared to males, and males generally tend to show more mobile foraging patterns than females. We argue that these sex‐associated patterns have broad generality across pollinators, and that sex‐associated differences can in some cases be larger than differences between species. We offer predictions about how these patterns will influence pollinator preference, specialization, and fidelity, as well as the cost, quality and quantity of pollination service to plants. In the face of increasing threats to plant–pollinator interactions, understanding their basic functioning and the variation inherent in their component parts is critical. We advocate for more attention to sex‐based differences among pollinators in particular, and the consequences of intraspecific variation more broadly.

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Elaiophores: their taxonomic distribution, morphology and functions

Cited by 34 publications

References 150 publications

Taxonomic traits in the microstructure of flowers of parasitic Orobanche picridis with particular emphasis on secretory structures

Taxonomic traits in the microstructure of flowers of parasitic Orobanche picridis with particular emphasis on secretory structures

Floral resins of Philodendron adamantinum (Araceae): secretion, release and synchrony with pollinators

Sex differences in pollinator behavior: Patterns across species and consequences for the mutualism

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