Elastase in Tissue Injury

Janoff, Aaron

doi:10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.001231

Cited by 498 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition, changes in serum levels of granulocytic elastase, which is a serine protease released from granulocytes under the stimuli of cytokines, 11,15 were similar to those of IL-6 in both groups, but the increase in granulocytic elastase levels in both groups tended to be prolonged compared with that of the IL-6 levels. These findings suggest that laparoscopic surgery is associated with minimal tissue injury and consequently with a smaller and shorter acute phase response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Comparison of surgical stress between laparoscopy and open surgery in the field of urology by measurement of humoral mediators

et al. 2002

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Background: Recently, laparoscopic procedures have become more common in urological surgery, and are suggested to be less stressful compared with open surgery; however, little data on objective evaluation of surgical stress after laparoscopic surgery are available. The objective of this study was to compare surgical stress between laparoscopic and open surgery in the field of urology by measurement of humoral mediators. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 25 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery (laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, 10; retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy or nephroureterectomy, seven; laparoscopic adrenalectomy, five; and hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, three) and 10 who underwent open surgery (retropubic radical prostatectomy, four; radical cystectomy, three; and radical nephrectomy, three), 48 h before surgery, during surgery, and 24, 48 and 96 h after surgery. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and granulocytic elastase in these samples were measured, and the results were analyzed with respect to several clinical factors. Results: In both groups, IL-6 and granulocytic elastase levels increased during surgery and reached maximum levels 24 h after surgery; the increase in granulocytic elastase tended to be prolonged compared with that of IL-6. Changes in IL-10 levels in the open surgery group were similar to those of IL-6 and granulocytic elastase levels, whereas IL-10 levels in the laparoscopic surgery group reached a maximum level during surgery and then decreased to the same level as at 48 h before surgery, on the first postoperative day. The maximum levels of these three mediators in the laparoscopic surgery group were significantly lower than those in the open surgery group. IL-6 was closely associated with the interval of fasting and duration of hospitalization after surgery. Conclusion: Although the present study was based on retrospective and non-randomized analysis, the findings suggest that serum levels of IL-6, IL-10 and granulocytic elastase are useful as objective markers of surgical stress, and that laparoscopic surgery is markedly less stressful than open surgery.

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confidence: 77%

Comparison of surgical stress between laparoscopy and open surgery in the field of urology by measurement of humoral mediators

et al. 2002

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“…One of the principal cells involved in this response is the neutrophil, which, when stimulated by a pathogen, degranulates and undergoes respiratory burst activity, to release a variety of histotoxic enzymes and short-lived reactive oxygen species (ROS) [2]. Many of the antiproteinases that protect the host against neutrophil-mediated injury [3] are inactivated by oxidation, and hence local oxidant-antioxidant balance appears to be a critical factor determining the extent of tissue damage [4]. The many deleterious contents of neutrophils necessitate that for complete resolution of inflammation these cells should be removed in a way that limits cell activation, and neutrophil apoptosis represents an important mechanism wherby this may be achieved [5,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia prolongs neutrophil survival in vitro

et al. 1995

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~,bstract Neutrophil apoptosis represents a major mechanism ~nvolved in the resolution of inflammation. Since hypoxia induces apoptosis in several cell lines and is of particular relevance in many disease states, we studied the effect of oxygen concentration on neutrophil survival in vitro. Hypoxia caused a dramatic decrease in neutrophil apoptosis (% apoptosis 20 h: 78.7 + 2.2% in 21% 0 2, 61.4 _+ 6.5% in 2.5% 02, 23.1 + 3.2% in 0% 02, = 5). This was additive to the effect of GM-CSF (50 Ulml), not associated with induction of bcl-2 expression, and was not mimicked by methionine (5 raM), superoxide dismutase (200 pg/ml) or Trolox (10 mM) but was mimicked by catalase (250/zg/ml).Hence, hypoxia has a bcl-2-independent effect on neutrophil apoptosis that may adversely affect the clearance of these cells from an inflammatory focus.

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“…The role of monocyte elastase in the trafficking and turnover of pulmonary macrophages in CF remains to be defined. Monocyte elastase may play a role in the migration of monocytes through endotheliai matrices (Janoff, 1985;Campbell et ai. 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased elastase secretion by peripheral blood monocytes in cystic fibrosis patients

Jones

Seilheimer

Pier

et al. 1990

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYMorbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) is predominantly due to destruction of pulmonary tissue. The host immutie response may, in part, play a pathogenic role in pulmonary destruction in ihcsc patients. To further understand host immune response in CF, we examined the state of activation of peripheral blood monocytes in CF. Baseline elastase activity was 2-2-fold greater in the CF monocytes than in controls. Pseudonwnasaeruginosa mucoi20'l^i in both CF and control monocytes. These results suggest that circulating monocytes in CF are stimulated in vivo, resulting in a remarkably elevated elastase activity in vitro. Elevated elasiase release by peripheral blood monocytes as they enter the lung in response to chemotaciic stimuli may contribute to lung destruction in CF.

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Elastase in Tissue Injury

Cited by 498 publications

References 31 publications

Comparison of surgical stress between laparoscopy and open surgery in the field of urology by measurement of humoral mediators

Comparison of surgical stress between laparoscopy and open surgery in the field of urology by measurement of humoral mediators

Hypoxia prolongs neutrophil survival in vitro

Increased elastase secretion by peripheral blood monocytes in cystic fibrosis patients

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