Elasticity of Natural Rubber Networks

Mott, P. H.; Roland, C. M.

doi:10.1021/ma960189s

Cited by 49 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…This behavior is consistently seen in gum rubbers. 23,24,[31][32][33] Better accuracy can be realized using a general form of the strain energy function suggested by Rivlin. 22 The curvature in the stress-strain response is captured to some extent by molecular theories of rubber deformation, such as the constraint models, [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] which include the effect of topological interactions on the microscopic deformation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these models still tend to overestimate the stress for compression. [31][32][33] The measured strain distributions for three separate inflations, nominally 12%, 26%, and 33% biaxial strain at the pole, are displayed as points in Figure 5. The strain is equi-biaxial up to a normalized radius value of about 0.2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, at least for moderate strains, the Mooney-Rivlin equation can adequately describe the material response, notwithstanding its well-known deficiencies. 23,24,[31][32][33] Since the mode of deformation governs the connection between the strain energy and the amount of energy available to propagate cracks in rubber, the strain distribution can exert a dominating effect both on the fatigue lifetime and on the locus of failure. Thus, the present results are relevant to analysis of the failure properties of rubber subjected to inflation and related biaxial strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strains in an Inflated Rubber Sheet

Mott

Roland

Hassan

2003

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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A technique to measure the strain distribution of an inflated membrane is described, and applied to natural rubber inflated to pole biaxial strains of 12%, 26%, and 33%. The radial strain was found to be nearly constant over the entire surface, while the circumferential strain falls to zero at the edge. Thus, biaxial deformation is limited to a narrow region in the vicinity of the pole. These results are quite different from (the very limited) data published previously. The stressstrain behavior was also measured in uniaxial tension, and the strain distribution of the inflated membrane calculated using finite elements. The experiment results and the modeling were in good agreement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strains in an Inflated Rubber Sheet

Mott

Roland

Hassan

2003

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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“…We have included previously obtained tension and compression results on a rubber identical to DA0, referred to in the prior publication as NR2. 32 There is Birefringence as a function of true stress for various networks. The slope yields the stress optical coefficient, C ) 1.8 GPa -1 , which is independent of network structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As has been shown, [30][31][32] molecular elasticity models cannot describe the full range of deformation behavior of rubbery networks, as made apparent when tension and compression data are considered simultaneously. This is the situation prevailing with double networks; therefore, their study can provide insight into the general problem of the elasticity of high polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Optical Behavior of Double Network Rubbers

Mott

Roland

2000

Macromolecules

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Stress, strain, and optical birefringence were measured for a series of peroxide-cured natural rubbers, having both isotropic and double network structures. The residual stretch (permanent set) for the latter ranged from 2.0 to 4.5, with elastic moduli that were an increasing function of this residual strain, as found in previous works. A small birefringence, ca. 10 -5 , was observed for the unstressed double networks, and its magnitude increased with increasing residual strain. The sign of this birefringence corresponded to extension of the (undeformed) double networks. Under stress, the birefringence followed the stress optical law. The double network properties were interpreted using the constrained-chain model of rubber elasticity, with the assumption of independent, additive contributions from the two component networks. The calculated results differed from the experimental findings, in particular underestimating the residual strain. This failure is a consequence of the overprediction of the stresses during compression, a limitation common to molecular theories of rubber elasticity. The modeling of the double networks does account qualitatively for the sign of their unstressed birefringence, which is due to the stressoptical coefficient being larger in tension than in compression. This particular deviation from the stressoptical law is known from both theory and experiment.

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Mechanical properties and network structure of phenol resin crosslinked hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber

Osaka

Kato

Saito

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The tough and stretchable crosslinked hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (HNBR) could be prepared by resol type phenol resin as a crosslinker. The mechanical properties and the network structure of the phenol resin crosslinked HNBR were investigated by comparing with those of the peroxide crosslinked HNBR having the higher crosslink density and the heterogeneous network structure. The elastic modulus and the strain at break of the phenol resin crosslinked HNBR were much higher than those of the peroxide one. The residual strain was below 20 % after stretching up to 650 % and then releasing from the cramps. Since the crosslink density is low, the high elastic modulus and the good recovery deformation are attributed to the stiffness and rigidity of the crosslink junctions obtained by phenol resin. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed that the network structure is spatially homogeneous and the results of the wide angle X-ray diffraction indicate that the strain-induced crystallization is suppressed, which enable the longer elongation.

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Elasticity of Natural Rubber Networks

Cited by 49 publications

References 53 publications

Strains in an Inflated Rubber Sheet

Strains in an Inflated Rubber Sheet

Mechanical and Optical Behavior of Double Network Rubbers

Mechanical properties and network structure of phenol resin crosslinked hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber

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