Elasticity of Pulmonary Blood Vessels in Human Lungs

Yen, R. T.; Tai, Der-Yan; Zeng, Rong; Zhang, B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3452-4_13

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Debes and Fung (2) have found that the stress-strain relationship of the pulmonary arteries in dog is linear in the physiological range and beyond. Yen et al (24) showed that the pressure-diameter relationship of pulmonary arteries and veins in humans is linear up to 50 cmH 2 O. Hence, Hooke's law ϭ Ee (where denotes the stress, e the strain, and E Young's modulus) seems justified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-stress states of human pulmonary arteries and veins

Huang

Yen

1998

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The zero-stress states of the pulmonary arteries and veins from order 3 to order 9 were determined in six normal human lungs within 15 h postmortem. The zero-stress state of each vessel was obtained by cutting the vessel transversely into a series of short rings, then cutting each ring radially, which caused the ring to spring open into a sector. Each sector was characterized by its opening angle. The mean opening angle varied between 92 and 163 degrees in the arterial tree and between 89 and 128 degrees in the venous tree. There was a tendency for opening angles to increase as the sizes of the arteries and veins increased. We computed the residual strains based on the experimental measurements and estimated the residual stresses according to Hooke's law. We found that the inner wall of a vessel at the state in which the internal pressure, external pressure, and longitudinal stress are all zero was under compression and the outer wall was in tension, and that the magnitude of compressive stress was greater than the magnitude of tensile stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-stress states of human pulmonary arteries and veins

Huang

Yen

1998

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Only a few studies (Greenfield & Douglas, 1963; Krenz & Dawson, 2003; Reeves et al , 2005; Yen & Sobin, 1988; Yen et al , 1990) provide quantitative data on the elastic properties of human pulmonary arteries and veins. In our previous study (Olufsen et al , 2012), a value for the pulmonary arterial compliance parameter C in (9) was derived from the work of Krenz & Dawson (2003), who measured a stiffness parameter λ given by

D / D_{0} = 1 + λ p,

where p denotes the transmural pressure (mmHg), D (cm) the vessel diameter associated with pressure p , and, D 0 the vessel diameter at zero pressure p 0 = 0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several authors (Attinger (1963); Krenz&Dawson (2003); Yen et al (1990)) believe that the pulmonary compliance is diameter independent and hence spatially invariant across the entire system. Attinger (1963) supports this hypothesis in a study showing that the pulse wave speed in the pulmonary arteries does not increase away from the heart.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the independent study on excised human lungs by Yen et al (1990), defines an averaged compliance values of λ A = 0.012 ± 0.0024 mmHg −1 for arterial vessels with diameters 200–1600 µm and λ V = 0.013 ± 0.0064 mmHg −1 for venous vessels with diameters ranging from 100–1200 µm. This suggests that the overall compliance does not differ significantly between the pulmonary arterial and venous trees.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation of blood flow and pressure drop in the pulmonary arterial and venous circulation

Qureshi

Vaughan

Sainsbury

et al. 2014

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

108

135

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A novel multiscale mathematical and computational model of the pulmonary circulation is presented and used to analyse both arterial and venous pressure and flow. This work is a major advance over previous studies by Olufsen and coworkers (Ottesen et al., 2003; Olufsen et al., 2012) which only considered the arterial circulation. For the first three generations of vessels within the pulmonary circulation, geometry is specified from patient-specific measurements obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Blood flow and pressure in the larger arteries and veins are predicted using a nonlinear, cross-sectional-area-averaged system of equations for a Newtonian fluid in an elastic tube. Inflow into the main pulmonary artery is obtained from MRI measurements, while pressure entering the left atrium from the main pulmonary vein is kept constant at the normal mean value of 2 mmHg. Each terminal vessel in the network of ‘large’ arteries is connected to its corresponding terminal vein via a network of vessels representing the vascular bed of smaller arteries and veins. We develop and implement an algorithm to calculate the admittance of each vascular bed, using bifurcating structured trees and recursion. The structured-tree models take into account the geometry and material properties of the ‘smaller’ arteries and veins of radii ≥ 50µm. We study the effects on flow and pressure associated with three classes of pulmonary hypertension expressed via stiffening of larger and smaller vessels, and vascular rarefaction. The results of simulating these pathological conditions are in agreement with clinical observations, showing that the model has potential for assisting with diagnosis and treatment of circulatory diseases within the lung.

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“…Eh∕R 0 = 150.0 mmHg is used for all the large arteries and veins in the current study due to the lack of experimental data and also motivated by previous studies (Krenz and Dawson 2003;Attinger 1963;Yen et al 1990) that suggest pulmonary compliance is diameter independent and constant across the system. Variations in the vessel stiffness are also discussed in Sect.…”

Section: The Pulmonary Circulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid–structure interaction in a fully coupled three-dimensional mitral–atrium–pulmonary model

Feng

Gao

et al. 2021

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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This paper aims to investigate detailed mechanical interactions between the pulmonary haemodynamics and left heart function in pathophysiological situations (e.g. atrial fibrillation and acute mitral regurgitation). This is achieved by developing a complex computational framework for a coupled pulmonary circulation, left atrium and mitral valve model. The left atrium and mitral valve are modelled with physiologically realistic three-dimensional geometries, fibre-reinforced hyperelastic materials and fluid–structure interaction, and the pulmonary vessels are modelled as one-dimensional network ended with structured trees, with specified vessel geometries and wall material properties. This new coupled model reveals some interesting results which could be of diagnostic values. For example, the wave propagation through the pulmonary vasculature can lead to different arrival times for the second systolic flow wave (S2 wave) among the pulmonary veins, forming vortex rings inside the left atrium. In the case of acute mitral regurgitation, the left atrium experiences an increased energy dissipation and pressure elevation. The pulmonary veins can experience increased wave intensities, reversal flow during systole and increased early-diastolic flow wave (D wave), which in turn causes an additional flow wave across the mitral valve (L wave), as well as a reversal flow at the left atrial appendage orifice. In the case of atrial fibrillation, we show that the loss of active contraction is associated with a slower flow inside the left atrial appendage and disappearances of the late-diastole atrial reversal wave (AR wave) and the first systolic wave (S1 wave) in pulmonary veins. The haemodynamic changes along the pulmonary vessel trees on different scales from microscopic vessels to the main pulmonary artery can all be captured in this model. The work promises a potential in quantifying disease progression and medical treatments of various pulmonary diseases such as the pulmonary hypertension due to a left heart dysfunction.

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Elasticity of Pulmonary Blood Vessels in Human Lungs

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Zero-stress states of human pulmonary arteries and veins

Zero-stress states of human pulmonary arteries and veins

Numerical simulation of blood flow and pressure drop in the pulmonary arterial and venous circulation

Fluid–structure interaction in a fully coupled three-dimensional mitral–atrium–pulmonary model

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