“Elective affinities”: Language contact in the abstract lexicon and its structural consequences

Bolonyai, Agnes

doi:10.1177/13670069000040010601

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The validity of this assumption will also be addressed in the paper. Various studies have found data which diverge from these constraints (e.g., Backus 2014;de Bot 2004;Zabrodskaja and Verschik 2015), but the constraints have been found in other studies to describe code-switching behaviour well in various contexts (e.g., Deuchar 2006;Deuchar et al 2007;Myers-Scotton 2005), including studies of children (Bolonyai 2000;Paradis et al 2000;Vihman 1998).…”

Section: Constraints On Code-switchingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Indeed, studies have shown developmental changes in code-switching behaviour, such as a decline in the proportion of "function words" (variously defined) after the earliest multiword utterances (Meisel 1994;Vihman 1985) and a decline in violations of grammatical constraints during the first few years of language use (Paradis et al 2000); Deuchar and Vihman (2005) found more predicate than argument language mismatches in the first six months of word combinations. Bolonyai (2000), while investigating bilingual children with Hungarian and English, found that the use of both Hungarian and English-influenced structural frames occurred in utterances with and without code-switching, showing language interaction and attrition.…”

Section: Bilingual Children's Speechmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been noted elsewhere that it is not always possible to identify a ML (e.g., Auer and Muhamedova 2005;Gardner-Chloros and Edwards 2004), for various reasons, one being that the bilingual clause may draw its structure from two different languages. Myers-Scotton has allowed for a composite ML, for example, in cases of L1 attrition or matrix language change (turnover) in progress (Bolonyai 2000;Jake 2000a, 2001).…”

Section: Constraints On Code-switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Language Interaction in Emergent Grammars: Morphology and Word Order in Bilingual Children’s Code-Switching

Vihman

2018

Languages

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This paper examines the morphological integration of nouns in bilingual children’s code-switching to investigate whether children adhere to constraints posited for adult code-switching. The changing nature of grammars in development makes the Matrix Language Frame a moving target; permeability between languages in bilinguals undermines the concept of a monolingual grammatical frame. The data analysed consist of 630 diary entries with code-switching and structural transfer from two children (aged 2;10–7;2 and 6;6–11;0) bilingual in Estonian and English, languages which differ in morphological richness and the inflectional role of stem changes. The data reveal code-switching with late system morphemes, variability in stem selection and word order incongruence. Constituent order is analysed in utterances with and without code-switching, and the frame is shown to draw sometimes on both languages, raising questions about the MLF, which is meant to derive from the grammar of one language. If clauses without code-switched elements display non-standard morpheme order, then there is no reason to expect code-switching to follow a standard order, nor is it reasonable to assume a monolingual target grammar. Complex morphological integration of code-switches and interaction between the two languages are discussed.

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Section: Constraints On Code-switchingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Bilingual Children's Speechmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Constraints On Code-switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Language Interaction in Emergent Grammars: Morphology and Word Order in Bilingual Children’s Code-Switching

Vihman

2018

Languages

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“…Whereas most studies on child L1 attrition report evidence of L1 attrition (Bolonyai 2000;Isurin 2000;Kaufman 1991;Schmitt 2001;Seliger 1996;Tomiyama 2000;Yukawa 1997), there is disagreement as to whether reported child L1 attrition is confounded by incomplete L1 acquisition due to a lack of L1 input in a predominantly L2 environment (Kö pke 2004;Schmid 2004;Schmid and de Bot 2004;Sorace 2004;Yȃgmur 2004). Although the L1 system of adult L2 learners is considered to be more stable, studies find their L1 system is also affected by attrition (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The role of fathers in language maintenance and language attrition: the case of Korean–English late bilinguals in New Zealand

Kim

Starks

2010

International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism

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The father's role in children's L1 maintenance and L2 learning is a relatively unexplored area. This study considers the L1 and L2 proficiency of 30 KoreanÁ English late bilinguals who immigrated to New Zealand during their adolescence and how their L1 and L2 proficiency is influenced by the language use of family members. Data were collected through a questionnaire, a vocabulary test and a story-retelling task, and analysed in terms of language use and language proficiency measures. While language use of Korean siblings and fathers is shown to have a dual role in both affecting language use and L1 proficiency, the language use of Korean mothers is not associated with their children's patterns of language use or their children's L1 proficiency. We attribute the differences to different types of interaction between Korean mothers and fathers, and their adolescent children. The data also show that parental language use plays a minimal role in the adolescent L2 acquisition. IntroductionOne of the challenges that many immigrants face is a change in their linguistic environment. While it would be ideal for languages to co-exist in harmony, ideal bilingualism is outside of the reach of many immigrants, who need to juggle their first language (L1) and their second language (L2) to fulfil their individual, family and wider societal needs.In an L2 dominant environment, few migrants succeed in this endeavour, and many go through varying degrees of L1 attrition. Although increasing L2 proficiency is generally considered to affect the process of L1 attrition (Seliger and Vago 1991), findings from empirical studies on the relationship between L1 and L2 proficiency are inconclusive. While some studies report a negative relationship between L1 and L2 performance in bilingual speakers (e.g. Major 1992; Segalowitz 1991), others find no significant effect of L2 proficiency on L1 performance (e.g. Waas 1996;Yȃgmur, de Bot, and Korzillus 1999).A second issue is the age of the participants. Whereas most studies on child L1 attrition report evidence of L1 attrition (

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“…Eines der ertragreichsten aber auch umstrittensten Modelle, das sich mit grammatischen Einschränkungen beim insertierenden Code-mixing beschäftigt, stellt das Matrix Language Frame-Modell (im Weiteren MLF) von Myers-Scotton (1993;2002) dar (angewendet u. a. bei Backus 1996;Schmitt 2000;Haust 1995;Bolonyai 2000). Das genannte Modell leistete einen bahnbrechenden Beitrag der Untersuchung des Code-mixing insofern, als es auf der Suche nach Regeln des insertierenden Code-mixing im Gegensatz zu früheren Ansätzen nicht die Sprachoberflächenstrukturen zugrundelegt, sondern sich vorrangig auf die Erkenntnisse der Sprachproduktion stützt.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Kasachisch-russisches Code-mixing: ein Fall von morphologischer Vereinfachung

Muhamedowa¹

2005

Zeitschrift Für Sprachwissenschaft

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The present paper deals with contemporary Kazakh-Russian code-mixing, the alternation of two languages within a single clause. Kazakh, a Turkic language, has been in intense contact with Russian, a Slavic language, for centuries. The main purpose of the paper is to demonstrate how Russian adjectives are embedded in Kazakh clauses. The analysis focuses on synchronic code-mixing and is based on eleven tape recordings (38,636 tokens) of casual speech by bilinguals, which were made in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Russian adjectives will be examined as a part of (1) Russian attributive expanded NPs, (2) mixed Kazakh-Russian NPs and (3) as predicative adjectives. The Matrix Language Frame Model (with 4-M Model and Abstract Level Model) provides the theoretical framework for this paper. Particular attention will be given to the concept of Embedded Language (EL) Islands, i. e. constructions consisting of at least two well-formed content morphemes of the EL. Based on the analysis of my empirical corpus, it will be shown that EL-Islands consisting of Russian complex NPs are often strongly dominated by the morphosyntax of Kazakh, the Matrix Language.Russian adjectives often take the unmarked form of the nominative, singular, masculine, despite the feminine or neutral Russian nouns they precede. Our findings will be compared with other data sets from Turkic languages in contact with Russian. The concept of EL-Islands will finally be shown to be invalid.

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“Elective affinities”: Language contact in the abstract lexicon and its structural consequences

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

Language Interaction in Emergent Grammars: Morphology and Word Order in Bilingual Children’s Code-Switching

Language Interaction in Emergent Grammars: Morphology and Word Order in Bilingual Children’s Code-Switching

The role of fathers in language maintenance and language attrition: the case of Korean–English late bilinguals in New Zealand

Kasachisch-russisches Code-mixing: ein Fall von morphologischer Vereinfachung

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