Electric contact materials and their erosion in automotive DC relays

Leung, C.H.; Lee, A.

doi:10.1109/33.142887

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Arc erosion is a result of the high temperatures near or over the boiling points of the contact materials at the cathode and anode face. The amount of erosion per operation is dependent on the arcing time [72,111], circuit parameters [115,116], surrounding gas [117,118], and contact shape, size and contact material [115,118] among a multitude of other factors. However some broad guidelines can be made on the erosion behavior.…”

Section: Contact Erosion and Materials Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Uniform Pressure Electromagnetic Actuator for Forming Flat Sheets

Kamal

Daehn

2006

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering

142

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High velocity electromagnetic forming can lead to better formability along with additional benefits. The spatial distribution of forming pressure in electromagnetic forming can be controlled by the configuration of the actuator. A new type of actuator is discussed which gives a uniform pressure distribution in forming. It also provides a mechanically robust design and has a high efficiency for flat sheet forming. A simplified analysis of the actuator is presented that helps in the design of the system. Examples of uses of the actuator are then presented, specifically with regards to forming shapes and surface embossing. Some practical challenges in the design of the actuator are also addressed. This paper emphasizes the approaches and engineering calculations required to effectively use this actuator.

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Section: Contact Erosion and Materials Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Uniform Pressure Electromagnetic Actuator for Forming Flat Sheets

Kamal

Daehn

2006

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering

142

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“…Recently, though some papers dealing with contact resistance in arc conditions have been published [24], [35]- [38], there appears to be a lack of detailed information about it. Nevertheless, the results obtained so far cannot be used to find the clear relationship between arc erosion and contact resistance quantitively.…”

Section: B Contact Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Contact erosion patterns of Pd material in DC breaking arcs

Chen

Mizukoshi

Sawa

1994

IEEE Trans. Comp., Packag., Manufact. Technol. A

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Arc erosion patterns of pure Pd contacts tested with switching inductive load at 20 V, 1 -4 A were determined by means of the SEM, and material transfer was measured with electronic balance. Three types of erosion patterns were observed at the different load current regions. First, the distributed craters occurred on the anode and scattered redeposited mounds surrounded by sprayed particles on the cathode when the current was less than about 2.5 A, which we called a critical transition current because it demonstrates the change of metal transfer direction. Second, if the current was larger than the critical current value, pips occurred on the anode and craters on the cathode. Third, when the current was around the critical current value, pips and craters coexisted either on the cathode or on the anode. The behaviors of electrical contact resistance and arc duration in metallic phase and gaseous phase at different load current are reported. The particle sputtering-depositing model is presented and used to explain the mechanism of material transfer process and the formation of erosion patterns. The material transfer direction is affected by an arc duration of metallic phase as well as gaseous phase. The electrical contact resistance not only depends on the surface films and surface morphology, but also is influenced by the particle sputtering.

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“…The arc erosive characteristics of other silver-based contact materials, such as AgCdO, AgZnO, AgNi, AgC, are obtained from the experiments, too [3][4][5]. In addition to the study of arc erosive characteristics and arc erosion morphology, the material transfer caused by arcing under different conditions, such as load types [6,7] and surrounding gas [8], is also one of the main aspect. To this day there isn't report on material transfer characteristics and surface morphology of PtIr contact material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Investigation of Material Transfer Characteristics and Surface Morphology of PtIr Contact Materials

Wang

Xie

Yang

et al. 2012

AMM

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Material transfer characteristics and surface morphology of contact material reflects their electrical erosion performance. In this paper, by using a JF04C contact material testing machine, the characteristics of electrical erosion of PtIr contact materials are acquired under low voltage, resistive load and small current. By means of an electronic balance and SEM, the material transfer values of the PtIr contact materials and the characteristics of contact material surface profile are obtained and analyzed. The results show that PtIr alloy contact materials mainly transfer from cathode to anode and its breaking arcs are metallic phase.

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Electric contact materials and their erosion in automotive DC relays

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

A Uniform Pressure Electromagnetic Actuator for Forming Flat Sheets

A Uniform Pressure Electromagnetic Actuator for Forming Flat Sheets

Contact erosion patterns of Pd material in DC breaking arcs

The Investigation of Material Transfer Characteristics and Surface Morphology of PtIr Contact Materials

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