Electric field induced morphological changes in nylon 11

Jacobs, E. W.; Hicks, J. C.

doi:10.1063/1.94789

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The first significant piezoelectricity in polyamides, odd nylon 11, was reported by Newman et al in 1980 . Since then piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity of odd nylons have been widely investigated . The piezoelectric strain coefficient d 31 is as high as 3 pC/N for poled polyamide 11 films at room temperature .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ferroelectric behavior and polarization mechanism in odd‐odd polyamide 11,11

Liu

Cui

et al. 2014

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Ferroelectric and piezoelectric behavior in odd‐odd polyamide 11,11 are successfully detected for the first time. The maximum coercive field (Ec) of 90 MV/m, and a remnant polarization (Pr) of 40 mC/m2 are obtained at room temperature. A piezoelectric strain coefficient (d33) value as high as −3.9 pC/N has been found in stretched polyamide 11,11 film. The structural change of samples before and after poling is investigated by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that the nature of the ferroelectricity originates from amide group dipoles in the γ‐form crystal regions. Hysteresis behavior appears to result from the crystallites reversal mechanism. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1094–1099

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ferroelectric behavior and polarization mechanism in odd‐odd polyamide 11,11

Liu

Cui

et al. 2014

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…Consider a chain subject to a harmonic potential 1 2 k R 2 activated at time tϭ0. In the continuum formalism, the dynamical equations for the monomer locations R(t,n) take the form ͑here T denotes k B ϫtemperature͒ ‫ץ‬R ‫ץ‬t…”

Section: Zimm Model Under a Weak Harmonic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some synthetic polymers, such as Nylon-11 and poly͑vinylidene fluo-ride͒, exhibit strong responses to an applied electric field and marked piezoelectric properties. 1,2 As for other electroactive polymers, piezoelectric polymers produce appreciable strains under electric fields, and are important materials for actuators and artificial muscles. 2 Recently, Mansky et al have shown that the applied field tends to deform polymer thin films, and results in the alteration of neutron scattering profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension of the Zimm and Rouse model to a polymer chain confined by a harmonic potential in θ-solvent conditions

Wenczel

Shew

2002

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Articles you may be interested inDiffusion assisted end-to-end relaxation of a flexible Rouse polymer chain: Fluorescence quenching through a model energy transfer Density functional studies of solvation forces in hard sphere polymer solutions confined between adsorbing walls. I. Solvent effects and dependence on surface potential range Effect of solvent quality on the conformation and relaxation of polymers via dissipative particle dynamicsWe consider a polymer chain confined by a harmonic potential in solvents using the Zimm and Rouse model to elucidate the chain relaxation behavior in weak and strong fields, respectively. We investigate a case in which the center of the field is tuned to match the center of mass of the polymer at the instant when the field is switched on. The closed-form expressions are obtained for these models. When the field strength is weak enough so that the chain conformation is close to ideal Gaussian, the Zimm model predicts that the chain molecule would fluctuate within the confined space induced by the applied field. Moreover, the molecular rotation relaxes faster than the translational motion of the center of mass of the polymer molecule. However, under a strong field, the polymer molecule contracts continuously from a random coil to a collapsed conformation after the field is switched on. The Rouse model makes predictions that the center of mass of the confined polymer molecule would achieve its equilibrium state first. After the relaxation of the center of mass, the polymer molecule reaches the equilibrium chain conformation, followed by the molecular rotation. Furthermore, the Rouse model also predicts that in the presence of a strong field, the Rouse time is predominated by the field strength only.

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“…The melt pressed film exhibited two strong reflections (100) and (110, 010) at the diffraction angles of 2 θ = 20.32 and 23.17  , which correspond to the  crystalline phase of Nylon11. Solution cast films showed characteristic reflections of 21.6 and23.03 ° indicating the coexistence of gamma and alpha crystalline forms, respectively[44].The electrospun mats showed a broad reflection at 21.6 o , which indicates weakly, ordered hexagonal gamma crystalline form of Nylon11[45].This metastable structure is likely formed because of the influence of two simultaneous events during electrospinning namely, rapid evaporation of solvent and elongation of the solidifying fibers.…”

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confidence: 99%