Electric resistance tomography and stress wave tomography for decay detection in trees—a comparison study

Xiaoquan, Yue; Wang, Lihai; Wacker, James P.; Zhu, Zhiming

doi:10.7717/peerj.6444

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Commonly used nondestructive testing methods [2] for detecting the internal damage of timber components mainly include stress wave [3][4][5], X-ray scanning [6][7][8], drilling resistance [9][10][11], and ultrasonic wave [12][13][14]. However, it is difficult to achieve precise detection by using only one single detection method because each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many methods provide nondestructive assessment of the internal damage of old wood in timber structures, no single method can provide a complete data set for analysis [11]. In recent years, many scholars have used a combination of detection methods to detect internal damage of wood components [8,15,20,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. However, currently, there are not many methods to quantify uniformly the detection results detected by different methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and Prediction of Internal Damage in the Ancient Timber Structure Based on Optimal Combined Model

Wang

Qian

et al. 2019

Advances in Civil Engineering

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It is currently known that using stress wave and drilling resistance to detect the internal damage in the ancient timber structure is not a highly precise process. To improve the detection precision of this process, a simulation test was used to detect the internal damage of poplar and elm in ancient buildings. In this empirical study, we compared the detection precision of these two detection methods. Based on the idea of variable weight, we introduced three combined forecasting models based on the IOWA operator, IOWGA operator, and IOWHA operator to predict the internal damage in the ancient timber structure. The results show that the combined forecasting model based on the IOWA operator is more effective in predicting compared to a single detection method and other combined forecasting models. To be more specific, the results show that the detection precision of the combined model is increased by 25.8% and 4.7%, respectively, compared to the precision of the stress wave and drilling resistance tests. The error indicators of the combined forecasting model based on the IOWA operator are better than those of the other combined forecasting models. In addition, the analysis results based upon cross-validation theory show the combined forecasting model based on the IOWA operator has the best applicability, which provides a new practical method for evaluating internal damage of timber components in ancient buildings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Prediction of Internal Damage in the Ancient Timber Structure Based on Optimal Combined Model

Wang

Qian

et al. 2019

Advances in Civil Engineering

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“…The decrease in strength classes could be determined by an increase in the share of defects in terms of their surface area. It is an indicator that also translates into their distribution on a cross-section, which has been previously confirmed by numerous studies using innovative techniques, such as computed tomography [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

The Strength of Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Sawn Timber in Correlation with Selected Wood Defects

et al. 2022

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Pine timber of Polish origin intended for structural purposes is characterized by significant variability in the quality parameters. Technological suitability determined on the basis of relevant international classifications is based on the assessment of both selected mechanical and physical properties of wood. Moreover, the description of visual properties is also a valuable indicator regarding defect distribution. In the group of quality features playing a crucial role in the classification of sawn timber, there are knots, disruptions of grains, cracks, etc. Thus, the aim of the research was to determine the correlation between the presence of selected defects and the strength properties of individual timber pieces. This type of study is based on a nondestructive test method that allows for high optimization of sawn materials processing. In the case of sawn timber of Polish origin, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) determined using the sonic test is commonly used as a criterion. The research material was harvested from southern Poland. The results of the conducted studies confirmed a correlation between an increasing occurrence of particular types of defects and the results of MOE. Furthermore, as a result of the performed investigations, no significant effect of narrow surface cracks on strength properties was observed.

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“…PiCUS TreeTronic 3 electrical resistance tomography (Argus GmbH, Germany) were used to measure ER, (Balá et al 2020; Benson et al 2018;Yue et al 2019). Stress wave tomography (SWT) (RINNTECH GmbH, Germany) was used to measure SWV in trunks (Benson et al 2018;Liang et al 2008).…”

Section: Test Equipmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ice formation on cross-section electrical resistance and stress wave velocity in living trees at low temperatureAuthorship

Guo

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Accurate tree decay detection and quality evaluation at low temperature is a scientific problem. The electric resistance tomography (ERT) and stress wave tomography (SWT) are two widely recognized methods for decay detection, but the influence of ice formation on the detection has not been studied. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of ice formation on cross-section electrical resistance (ER) and stress wave velocity (SWV) in living trees at low temperature. Larix gmelinii and Populus simonii living tree specimens were conducted on moisture content (MC) measurement using time domain reflectometry (TDR), trunk ER and SWV test using ERT and SWT methods, respectively. Ice content (IC) was calculated based on the MC data. The effects of IC on ER and SWV were then explored. We find IC of both tree species shows a general trend that is first rising and then decreasing, it is opposite with ambient temperature. With the decrease of ambient temperature, daily average IC increases, but the variation range narrows gradually and both ER and SWV increase. The ER and SWV increase rapidly near 0℃, which is mainly caused by ice formation (phase change and freezing of free water) in living trees. Furthermore, the ER and SWV are both positively correlated with IC (R2 > 0.87, p < 0.01). The results suggest that IC should be considered as an important factor for improving the test accuracy in the process of tree decay detection and quality evaluation using ERT and SWT methods under low temperature.

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Electric resistance tomography and stress wave tomography for decay detection in trees—a comparison study

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Detection and Prediction of Internal Damage in the Ancient Timber Structure Based on Optimal Combined Model

Detection and Prediction of Internal Damage in the Ancient Timber Structure Based on Optimal Combined Model

The Strength of Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Sawn Timber in Correlation with Selected Wood Defects

Effect of ice formation on cross-section electrical resistance and stress wave velocity in living trees at low temperatureAuthorship

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