Electric vehicles development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Performance assessment of standalone renewable energy systems for hydrogen refuelling and electricity charging stations (HRECS)

Ampah, Jeffrey Dankwa; Afrane, Sandylove; Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah; Adun, Humphrey; Yusuf, Abdulfatah Abdu; Bamisile, Olusola

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134238

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Hydrogen is seen as an emissions-free energy carrier that can play a significant role in the world's energy generation sector. It has, in recent years, caught the eyes of researchers globally since its energy density can reach a value as high as 120 MJ/kg, which is estimated to be almost five times higher than that of coal [11,12]. The ability to obtain electricity through the electrochemical conversion of hydrogen as a gas can be obtained through the use of FC, and the FC is a device that has drawn the attention of researchers since they were discovered in 1839 by William Grove [13,14].…”

Section: Of 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because some terms are synonymous, the words were re-classified by grouping synonymous terms together to generate Figure 19b. According to the results, the top 10 most frequently used keywords are polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, fuel cell, oxygen reduction reaction, electrocatalysis, proton exchange membrane, gas diffusion layer, water management, polybenzimidazole, durability, and bipolar plate, with frequencies 117, 70,50,32,21,17,13,12,11,9, respectively. The gas diffusion layer serves as a pathway for the flow of the reactive substances from the inlet channels of the anode and cathode electrodes to the catalyst layers where the electrochemical reactions occur.…”

Section: Research Characteristics Hotspots and Frontiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research Progress, Trends, and Current State of Development on PEMFC-New Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis and Characteristics of Two Decades of Research Output

et al. 2022

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The consumption of hydrogen could increase by sixfold in 2050 compared to 2020 levels, reaching about 530 Mt. Against this backdrop, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been a major research area in the field of energy engineering. Several reviews have been provided in the existing corpus of literature on PEMFC, but questions related to their evolutionary nuances and research hotspots remain largely unanswered. To fill this gap, the current review uses bibliometric analysis to analyze PEMFC articles indexed in the Scopus database that were published between 2000–2021. It has been revealed that the research field is growing at an annual average growth rate of 19.35%, with publications from 2016 to 2012 alone making up 46% of the total articles available since 2000. As the two most energy-consuming economies in the world, the contributions made towards the progress of PEMFC research have largely been from China and the US. From the research trend found in this investigation, it is clear that the focus of the researchers in the field has largely been to improve the performance and efficiency of PEMFC and its components, which is evident from dominating keywords or phrases such as ‘oxygen reduction reaction’, ‘electrocatalysis’, ‘proton exchange membrane’, ‘gas diffusion layer’, ‘water management’, ‘polybenzimidazole’, ‘durability’, and ‘bipolar plate’. We anticipate that the provision of the research themes that have emerged in the PEMFC field in the last two decades from the scientific mapping technique will guide existing and prospective researchers in the field going forward.

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Section: Of 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Characteristics Hotspots and Frontiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress, Trends, and Current State of Development on PEMFC-New Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis and Characteristics of Two Decades of Research Output

et al. 2022

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“…[27] The readers could further explore articles devoted specifically to national frameworks discussing FC adoption strategies to gain regional insights. [28][29][30][31] Reviewing opportunities, limitations, and recommendations/ suggestions related to specific applications such as building sector, [32] heavy-duty trucks, [33] maritime application, [34] electric vehicles, [35] and aircraft electrification, [36] etc. of FCs were carried out by the contemporary researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review on Hydrogen Based Fuel Cell Technology and Applications

Gupta,

Toksha,

Rahaman

2023

The Chemical Record

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The research in energy storage and conversion is playing a critical role in energy policy as the innovation and technological progress are essential for achieving the energy transition and climate neutrality goals. Hydrogen Fuel Cell technology is considered a strategic element in the pursuit of sustainable and clean energy solutions. This technology is increasingly gaining attention in recent years as a potential substitute to conventional non‐renewable energy sources. Fuel cell technology can be employed for domestic/commercial use along with powering the transportation sector which currently employs the use of conventional battery systems. However, these systems pose severe limitations with respect to longer charging times and limited distance range. This review article aims at providing a comprehensive methodical overview of hydrogen‐based fuel cell technology along with key concepts, present day scenarios, including overview of the market and industry trends, government policies and initiatives, along with major stakeholders involved in scaling up the technology for mass consumption. The outlook of fuel cells, including their capability to revolutionise the energy sector is discussed. The technological advancements and breakthroughs on the horizon along with the challenges and safety concerns related to the widespread acceptance of fuel cells are analysed.

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“…A study for the southern part of Ghana showed that a stand-alone hybrid energy system could be used and cheap electricity generated [10]. The author of [11] shows that electric charging stations can use different renewable energy sources to generate cheap electricity that can charge electric vehicles. An off-grid hybrid energy system was designed for radio transmitter stations in India and the results showed that such a system is a promising solution for radio transmitter stations [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to recent studies [11], the execution of serious and sustainable energy arrangements is beneficial to move beyond conventional energy utilization. This is especially true for the development of energy that incorporates ozone-depleting substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy-Based Electricity Supply to Gwadar, Pakistan

Ali

Qaisar

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Gwadar is essential to Pakistan’s financial stability. Being the third deep-water port in Pakistan, it plays a significant role in trade between the Gulf States, Africa, UAE, and CARs. The load shedding of 12–16 h in Gwadar is the most concerning issue due to the non-availability of a utility grid, which is why the Pakistan imports 70 MW of electricity from Iran to fulfill Gwadar’s electricity needs. Gwadar has renewable energy resources that can be utilized for electricity generation. However, wind and solar systems were only installed for limited residential areas. Considering this scenario, a technological and economic analysis was performed using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software. Three models were considered in this study. Model 1 consisted of photovoltaic (PV) cells, wind turbines, converters, and batteries. Model 2 consisted of PV cells, wind turbines, converters, and a grid. Model 3 consisted of PV cells, wind turbines, converters, and diesel generators. The annual energy generated by Model 1, Model 2, and Model 3 was respectively 57.37 GWh, 81.5 GWh, and 30.4 GWh. The Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) for Model 1, Model 2, and Model 3 was respectively USD 0.401/kWh, USD 0.0347/kWh, and USD 0.184/kWh. The simple payback period of Model 1 was 6.70 years, the simple payback period of Model 2 was 7.77 years and the simple payback period of Model 3 was 4.98 years. Because Model 3 had the lowest Net Present Cost NPC, its payback period was also less than those of the other two. However, Model 2 had the lowest LCOE and its renewable fraction was 73.3%. These facts indicate that Model 2 is the optimal solution.

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Electric vehicles development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Performance assessment of standalone renewable energy systems for hydrogen refuelling and electricity charging stations (HRECS)

Cited by 57 publications

References 49 publications

Research Progress, Trends, and Current State of Development on PEMFC-New Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis and Characteristics of Two Decades of Research Output

Research Progress, Trends, and Current State of Development on PEMFC-New Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis and Characteristics of Two Decades of Research Output

A Critical Review on Hydrogen Based Fuel Cell Technology and Applications

Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy-Based Electricity Supply to Gwadar, Pakistan

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