Electrical and magnetic repetitive transcranial stimulation of the primary motor cortex in healthy subjects

Gilio, F.; Iacovelli, Elisa; Frasca, Vittorio; Gabriele, M.; Giacomelli, Elena; Lena, Carlo de; Cipriani, Anna Maria; Inghilleri, Maurizio

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.035

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A noninvasive method that can help uncover the mechanisms of human brain oscillations in specific frequency bands is the combination of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Electroencephalography (EEG). rTMS allows transient modulation of cortical excitability with effects lasting beyond its application, emulating the patterns of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus [Gilio et al, 2009; Hallett, 2007]. Unlike other neuroimaging tools such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) that rely on hemodynamic responses, EEG records neural activity directly with excellent temporal resolution in the range of milliseconds [Sauseng and Klimesch, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cortical theta reactivity to high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Noh

Fuggetta

2011

Human Brain Mapping

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Electroencephalography (EEG) can directly monitor the temporal progression of cortical changes induced by repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and facilitate the understanding of cortical and subcortical influences in the genesis of oscillations. In this combined rTMS/EEG study, we aimed to investigate changes in oscillatory activity after high-frequency ($11 Hz) rTMS relative to the number of applied pulses. Twenty intermittent trains of 20 or 60 rTMS pulses were delivered over the human primary motor cortex at rest and tuned to individual mu frequency. The regional and interregional oscillatory neural activity after stimulation were evaluated using event-related power (ERPow) and event-related coherence (ERCoh) transformations. The most prominent changes for ERPow were observed in the theta band (4-7 Hz), as an increase in ERPow up to 20 s following 60 rTMS pulses, whereas ERPow increases were smaller in mu (10-12 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz). ERCoh revealed that rTMS 60 modulated the connectivity in the theta band for up to 20 s. The topography of mu and theta changes were not identical; mu was more focal and theta was more global. Our data suggested the presence of independent cortical theta and mu generators with different reactivity to rTMS but could not rule out possible thalamocortical contributions in generating theta and mu over the motor network. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2224-2237, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. r Cortical Theta Reactivity to rTMS r r 2225 r r Noh and Fuggetta r r 2228 r r Cortical Theta Reactivity to rTMS r r 2229 r r Noh and Fuggetta r r 2230 r r Cortical Theta Reactivity to rTMS r r 2235 r r Noh and Fuggetta r r 2236 r

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cortical theta reactivity to high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Noh

Fuggetta

2011

Human Brain Mapping

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“…rTMS targeting the primary motor cortex (M1) was predominantly investigated in previous studies. Prior studies have demonstrated that the application of rTMS to the M1 in healthy human subjects resulted in measurable changes in cortical excitability, as evidenced by alterations in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), resting motor threshold (RMT) intensities, and other intracortical neural activities [ 11 , 12 ]. To quantify the impact of rTMS on the cortex, a series of investigations have been undertaken on healthy individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cortical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy evaluation

Chen,

Tsou,

Chen

et al. 2024

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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Background Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could induce alterations in cortical excitability and promote neuroplasticity. To precisely quantify these effects, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an optical neuroimaging modality adept at detecting changes in cortical hemodynamic responses, has been employed concurrently alongside rTMS to measure and tailor the impact of diverse rTMS protocols on the brain cortex. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the effects of rTMS on cortical hemodynamic responses over the primary motor cortex (M1) as detected by fNIRS. Methods Original articles that utilized rTMS to stimulate the M1 cortex in combination with fNIRS for the assessment of cortical activity were systematically searched across the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. The search encompassed records from the inception of these databases up until April, 2024. The assessment for risk of bias was also conducted. A meta-analysis was also conducted in studies with extractable raw data. Results Among 312 studies, 14 articles were eligible for qualitative review. 7 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. A variety of rTMS protocols was employed on M1 cortex. In inhibitory rTMS, multiple studies observed a reduction in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin [HbO] at the ipsilateral M1, contrasted by an elevation at the contralateral M1. Meta-analysis also corroborated this consistent trend. Nevertheless, certain investigations unveiled diminished [HbO] in bilateral M1. Several studies also depicted intricate inhibitory or excitatory interplay among distinct cortical regions. Conclusion Diverse rTMS protocols led to varied patterns of cortical activity detected by fNIRS. Meta-analysis revealed a trend of increasing [HbO] in the contralateral cortices and decreasing [HbO] in the ipsilateral cortices following low frequency inhibitory rTMS. However, due to the heterogeneity between studies, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand rTMS-induced alterations in brain activity.

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Bidirectional modulation of sensory cortical excitability by quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS) in humans

Nakatani-Enomoto

Hanajima

Hamada

et al. 2012

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Electrical and magnetic repetitive transcranial stimulation of the primary motor cortex in healthy subjects

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Human cortical theta reactivity to high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Human cortical theta reactivity to high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cortical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy evaluation

Bidirectional modulation of sensory cortical excitability by quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS) in humans

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