Electrical Conductivity of Xenon at Megabar Pressures

Eremets, M. I.; Gregoryanz, Eugene; Стружкин, В. В.; Mao, Ho‐kwang; Hemley, Russell J.; Mulders, N.; Zimmerman, Neil M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.85.2797

Cited by 98 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Xe is observed to metallize near room temperature under pressures similar to those at Earth's coremantle boundary (18,19). Ar and He are observed to conduct only at combined high pressure and temperature (12,13,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…3), melting (15,16) and solid-solid insulator-conductor transformation in Xe (18,19). Prior data are squares (conductivity) (13,17,22,54) or circles (absorptivity) (12,18) with red indicating σ < 1 S/cm, α < 0.1 μm −1 , and black indicating σ > 1 S/cm, α > 0.1 μm −1 ; black triangle is region of anomalous emission in Ar (29); red (black) crosses indicate insulating (metallic) electrical behavior in Xe (19); and black diamond indicates dense plasma conditions in He (24). Also shown are interior conditions of Jupiter (brown) (6), Saturn (blue) (7), and white dwarfs (green) for effective temperatures of 8.0, 6.5, and 4.5 × 10 3 K (9).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opacity and conductivity measurements in noble gases at conditions of planetary and stellar interiors

McWilliams

Dalton

Konôpková

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The noble gases are elements of broad importance across science and technology and are primary constituents of planetary and stellar atmospheres, where they segregate into droplets or layers that affect the thermal, chemical, and structural evolution of their host body. We have measured the optical properties of noble gases at relevant high pressures and temperatures in the laserheated diamond anvil cell, observing insulator-to-conductor transformations in dense helium, neon, argon, and xenon at 4,000-15,000 K and pressures of 15-52 GPa. The thermal activation and frequency dependence of conduction reveal an optical character dominated by electrons of low mobility, as in an amorphous semiconductor or poor metal, rather than free electrons as is often assumed for such wide band gap insulators at high temperatures. White dwarf stars having helium outer atmospheres cool slower and may have different color than if atmospheric opacity were controlled by free electrons. Helium rain in Jupiter and Saturn becomes conducting at conditions well correlated with its increased solubility in metallic hydrogen, whereas a deep layer of insulating neon may inhibit core erosion in Saturn.rare gases | extreme conditions | warm dense matter | giant planet | white dwarf

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mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opacity and conductivity measurements in noble gases at conditions of planetary and stellar interiors

McWilliams

Dalton

Konôpková

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…19 Four electrical leads formed from platinum foil allowed four-electrode measurements of the resistance. To insulate the electrodes from the metallic gasket, an insulating layer made from the mixture of cubic boron nitride powder and epoxy was used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconductivity in the chalcogens up to multimegabar pressures

et al. 2002

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Highly sensitive magnetic susceptibility techniques were used to measure the superconducting transition temperatures in S up to 231(±5) GPa. S transforms to a superconductor with Tc of 10 K and has a discontinuity in Tc dependence at 160 GPa corresponding to bco to β-Po phase transition. Above this pressure Tc in S has a maximum reaching about 17.3(±0.5) K at 200 GPa and then slowly decreases with pressure to 15 K at 230 GPa. This trend in the pressure dependence parallels the behavior of the heavier members Se and Te. Superconductivity in Se was also observed from 15 to 25 GPa with Tc changing from 4 to 6 K and above 150 GPa with Tc of 8 K. Similiarities in the Tc dependences for S, Se, and Te, and the implications for oxygen are discussed.

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“…In static experiments using DAC the NM-M-T in solid Xe was observed at 130-150 GPa at room temperature [6]. The electrical conductivity of the Xe in shock-wave experiments indicates the transition into a metal state with the pressures of about 100 GPa and temperatures of some 10 kK [7]. However, comparing with the compression of the liquid Xe, the gaseous Xe should be shocked up to higher temperature and compressibility with the lower initial density due to the electronic excitation or ionization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The equation of state of dense xenon plasma under double-shock compression to 172 GPA

Zheng¹,

Gu²,

Chen³

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Warm dense plasmas having uniform, constant density, and temperature were generated by passage of planar shock wave through gas. The pressure of the Xe plasma was accurately measured by optical radiation method in the range of 172 GPa. The shock was produced using the flyer plate impact by accelerated up to ~6 km/s with a two-stage light gas gun. The time-resolved optical radiation histories were acquired by using a multi-wavelength channel optical transience radiance pyrometer. Shock velocity was measured and particle velocity was determined by the impedance-matching methods. Experimental data available of the Xe specimen in this region were compared with the calculations by the self-consistent fluid variational theory (SFVT). The observed shock compression ratios range from ρ/ρ 0 = 3.7 for the initial density of 2.2 g/cm 3 to ρ/ρ 0 = 8.5 for the initial density of 0.04 g/cm 3 . The comparison of the Hugoniot in the Pressure-compression plane clearly shows how higher initial densities result in lower final compression.

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Electrical Conductivity of Xenon at Megabar Pressures

Cited by 98 publications

References 20 publications

Opacity and conductivity measurements in noble gases at conditions of planetary and stellar interiors

Opacity and conductivity measurements in noble gases at conditions of planetary and stellar interiors

Superconductivity in the chalcogens up to multimegabar pressures

The equation of state of dense xenon plasma under double-shock compression to 172 GPA

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