Electrical fields in the vicinity of epithelial wounds in the isolated bovine eye

Chiang, Meicheng; Robinson, Kenneth R.; Vanable, Joseph W.

doi:10.1016/0014-4835(92)90164-n

Cited by 127 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This short-circuits the TCPD, which drops to 0 mV at the wound, but the TCPD remains at normal values 500 µm from the wound. This establishes a steady, laterally oriented EF (red arrows) directed towards the wound (Chiang et al, 1992). (B) The TCPD varies as a function of distance from the wound edge and we manipulated this pharmacologically.…”

Section: Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nerve regeneration and wound healing are stimulated and directed by an endogenous electrical field in vivo

Song

Zhao

Forrester

et al. 2004

Journal of Cell Science

154

112

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Biological roles for naturally occurring, extracellular physiological electric fields have been proposed over the past century. However, in the molecular era, many biologists presume that electric fields have little physiological relevance because there has been no unequivocal demonstration of their importance at the single-cell level in vivo. We have used an in vivo rat corneal model, which generates its own endogenous electric field and show that nerve sprouting, the direction of nerve growth and the rate of epithelial wound healing are controlled coordinately by the wound-induced electric field.

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Section: Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In skin, the peak voltage gradient at the wound edge was 140 mV/mm and in cornea 42 mV/mm, although the latter is an underestimate (Barker et al, 1982;Chiang et al, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Nerve regeneration and wound healing are stimulated and directed by an endogenous electrical field in vivo

Song

Zhao

Forrester

et al. 2004

Journal of Cell Science

154

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such electric fields are generated when the epithelial layer is disrupted instantaneously and the lesion short-circuits the transepithelial potential difference (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Electric currents at wounds in human skin (4,(8)(9)(10)(11) and in rodent cornea and skin (5,7,(12)(13) have been measured with various techniques, such as vibrating probes, micro-glass electrodes, micro-needle arrays, and bioelectric imagers (5,12,(14)(15)(16). For example, it is reported that a large outward current of 4 mA cm -2 was measured at the wound edges of rat cornea and human skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Components of Wound Current at Mouse Skin Incisional Wounds

Sun¹,

Yue²,

Zhang³

2015

Eur J Bio Med Res

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It has been assumed that skin wound currents are produced by passive ion leakage from wounded skin. However, what ions contribute to the skin wound current? Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. A lancet wound (about 5mm in length) was made by cutting into the full thickness skin. We measured the dynamic time courses of individual ion flux with ion-selective probes at skin wound. The probe is aligned perpendicular to the surface of skin wound. All ions , Ca 2+ and H + contribute to the wound currents at skin wounds. A most significant observation is that the skin wound currents are carried mainly by the largest sodium and chloride efflux, then potassium, while the calcium and hydrogen are the least.

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“…The lateral EF is driven by the transepithelial potential through the low-resistance wound pathway, creating a negative pole (cathode) at the center of the wound (Ojingwa and Isseroff, 2003). Endogenous direct current (DC) EFs of 40-200 mV mm -1 have been measured near wounds in mammalian epithelia (Barker et al, 1982;Chiang et al, 1992;McGinnis and Vanable, 1986;Sta Iglesia et al, 1996;Sta Iglesia and Vanable, 1998). Human neonatal keratinocytes do indeed sense the EF within minutes, re-form their lamellipodia facing the cathode and migrate directionally in physiological DC EFs of 100 mV mm -1 in vitro, a process known as galvanotaxis (Nishimura et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic AMP mediates keratinocyte directional migration in an electric field

Pullar

Isseroff

2005

Journal of Cell Science

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Re-epithelialization of wounded skin is necessary for wound closure and restoration of barrier function and requires directional keratinocyte migration towards the center of the wound. The electric field (EF) generated immediately upon wounding could be the earliest signal keratinocytes receive to initiate directional migration and healing. Keratinocytes express many β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs), but their role in the epidermis is unknown. We have previously shown that β-AR agonists decrease keratinocyte migration in a cyclic AMP (cAMP) independent mechanism involving the activation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Here, we ask whether β2-ARs play a role in keratinocyte galvanotaxis. We report a bimodal response. When keratinocytes were exposed to higher concentrations of β-AR agonist (0.1 μM), their tracked migratory speed was inhibited, in both the presence (directional migration) and the absence (random migration) of a 100 mV mm–1 EF, as expected. At lower agonist concentrations (0.1 pM to 0.1 nM), there was no effect on migratory speed; however, all directionality was lost – essentially, cells were `blinded' to the directional cue. Preincubating the cells with β-antagonist restored directional migration, demonstrating that the `blindness' was β2-AR mediated. Incubation of keratinocytes with agents known to increase intracellular cAMP levels, such as sp-cAMP, pertussis toxin and forskolin, resulted in similar `blinding' to the EF, whereas random migration was unaffected. The inactive cAMP analog rp-cAMP had no effect on keratinocyte migration, whether directional or random. However, rp-cAMP pretreatment before β-agonist addition fully restored galvanotaxis, demonstrating the complete cAMP dependence of the attenuation of keratinocyte directional migration. This is the first report that cAMP is capable of mediating keratinocyte galvanotaxis. β-AR agonists and antagonists could be valuable tools for modulating re-epithelialization, an essential step in the wound-healing process. Thus, β-ARs regulate the two distinct components of keratinocyte directional migration differently: migration speed via a cAMP-independent mechanism and galvanotaxis by a cAMP-dependent one.

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Electrical fields in the vicinity of epithelial wounds in the isolated bovine eye

Cited by 127 publications

References 8 publications

Nerve regeneration and wound healing are stimulated and directed by an endogenous electrical field in vivo

Nerve regeneration and wound healing are stimulated and directed by an endogenous electrical field in vivo

Ionic Components of Wound Current at Mouse Skin Incisional Wounds

Cyclic AMP mediates keratinocyte directional migration in an electric field

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