Electrical Heating and Bottom Receivers for Distillation Equipment

Abstract

cedure the olefin mixture reached a maximum temperature of 45°C. compared with 60°and 70°C. for the A.S.T.M. procedure and the procedure using no preliminary shaking, respectively. Using 50% toluene in iso-octane, maximum temperatures of 16°, 23°, and 23°C. were obtained by the three shaking procedures. The temperatures of the reaction mixture were measured using an iron-constantan thermocouple in direct contact with the reaction mixture.The test method has been applied to a wdde range of samples with satisfactory results. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of many members of the laboratory, particularly the following: S. C. T.McDowell for much of the recent laboratory work, especially that relating to temperature rise; R. E. Ledley and S. J. Hetzel for work on the solubility correction and proper method of reading meniscus; Miss D. J. Bellar for much accurate work; and O. C. Martin and W. T. Harvey for helpful discussion.

Distilling Apparatus for Production of Pure Water

“…A bare-wire immersion heater, suggested by those of Langdon (5), produced uniform boiling and facilitated satisfactory control of boiling rate. Its chief disadvantage was short life due to electron-tic action, probably resulting from unbalanced phases in the alternating current.…”