Iecently, the treatment of oily effluents in inland water-'-ways and coastal waters has become an urgent problem. Aqueous effluents from many industries-chemical, petroleum, and metallurgical-often contain oily material. These oily materials may be present as a film on the water surface or in the form of a dispersion with water. They may have some of the soluble substances extracted by water, and finally form semisolid deposits of oil and sediment.

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cedure the olefin mixture reached a maximum temperature of 45°C. compared with 60°and 70°C. for the A.S.T.M. procedure and the procedure using no preliminary shaking, respectively. Using 50% toluene in iso-octane, maximum temperatures of 16°, 23°, and 23°C. were obtained by the three shaking procedures. The temperatures of the reaction mixture were measured using an iron-constantan thermocouple in direct contact with the reaction mixture.The test method has been applied to a wdde range of samples with satisfactory results. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of many members of the laboratory, particularly the following: S. C. T.McDowell for much of the recent laboratory work, especially that relating to temperature rise; R. E. Ledley and S. J. Hetzel for work on the solubility correction and proper method of reading meniscus; Miss D. J. Bellar for much accurate work; and O. C. Martin and W. T. Harvey for helpful discussion.

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Although the flow conditions here do not conform to those behind the basi'c equation, it is possible to carry out formally a calculation of the absolute viscosity of the soap by means of Equations 1 and 2, using F -/b instead of F. Assuming the density to be 0.8 and taking values of F and U from the linear portions of the curves of Figure 8, the apparent viscosity of converter soap C is 4.95 X 104 poises with a wire of 0.0150-cm. radius. With a 0.0206-cm. wire also calculates to be 4.95 X 104 poises. Despite this agreement the significance of the figures is questionable, since the complex nature of the flow has not been taken fully into account in any of the equations. Interestingly, McBain.and Watts (8) using an extrusion plastometer found values between 2.9 X 10' and 2.7 X 10* poises, depending on the driving force, for the apparent viscosity at room temperature of a partly crystallized aqueous system containing 63% potassium laurate. SUMMARYThe construction and operation of a new cutting-wire plastometer are described, suitable for use with substances of high viscosity which must be maintained at constant relative humidity as well as at constant temperature. Yield values, rate of flow at different velocities, and extent of elastic recovery can be studied with this instrument, thus permitting construction of curves which depict the complete rheological behavior of the material being studied.Experiments were carried out on asphalt and soap. The par-