Electrical Properties of Thick Film PTC Compositions

Hormadaly, J.; Larry, John R.; Mergui, S.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0323-4_16

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…There have been some attempts at making general purpose TFRs based on similar glasses, with RuO 2 [195][196][197][198] and ruthenate perovskites, 197,[199][200][201][202] or pyrochlores 82,203 as conducting phases, which have partly resulted in promising properties, albeit with problems of high process sensitivity and the requirement of a large amount of, expensive, conducting RuO 2 .…”

Section: Low Melting Frits: Alternative Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…600uC, than standard ones. However, extensive publications on the chemistry and properties of Bi based TFR overglazes are still lacking, although some examples are available in the patent literature (Table 20, Hy-29 321 and Don-01/04 307 for the y600uC firing types); information may be garnered, for the low firing ((550uC) types, from sealing glasses. 289,290,293,313,314 A related application is the overglazing of displays (FPDs), where, besides providing suitable protection, the overglaze must avoid excessive degradation of the transparent conductor, usually indium tin oxide on the glass.…”

Section: Overglazing/enamellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…155 The synthesis and properties of RuO 2 , IrO 2 , their pyrochlore compounds and similar substances have been extensively studied. 155,203,[479][480][481][482][483][484][485][486][487][488][489] They belong to the class of electrically conductive oxides, which have been (very) extensively reviewed. 490 Such a complex resistor chemistry suggests possible particle glass chemical reactions, as Bi 2 O 3 and PbO may be both in the glass and in the particles, and the configuration before firing may not be the equilibrium one.…”

Section: Glasses For Tfrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low melting glassy layers (overglazes, or enamels) find a large palette of applications in electronics,291, 302, 307, 321 displays,181 automotive/architectural/container glass33, 47, 432 and cookware/dishware/chinaware,47, 56 as protective and decorative layers. Examples and properties are given in Table 20.…”

Section: Applications In Layer Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…600°C, than standard ones. However, extensive publications on the chemistry and properties of Bi based TFR overglazes are still lacking, although some examples are available in the patent literature (Table 20, Hy-29321 and Don-01/04307 for the ∼600°C firing types); information may be garnered, for the low firing (⩽550°C) types, from sealing glasses 289,290, 293, 313 ,314…”

Section: Applications In Layer Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Maeder

2013

International Materials Reviews

155

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The present work critically reviews the scientific and patent literature on low melting bismuth based oxide glass frits in materials for electronics, sensors and related applications such as sealing glasses, solar cells, architectural and automotive glass, the main motivation being to replace lead based materials by environmentally more benign ones. Due to similar glass forming properties of Bi and Pb, Bi based glasses are the closest 'drop-in' alternative for lead bearing formulations, and are therefore actually replacing them in many applications, helped also by previous experience with Bi containing materials in thick film technology and component metallisations. The outstanding issues are discussed, e.g. matching the lowest processing temperatures achieved by the classical lead based glasses without sacrificing durability and stability, as well as stability versus chemical reduction. Finally, consideration is also given to special 'heavy' glasses (often containing Bi and Pb together) that are useful in fields such as optics, superconductors and nuclear technology, as well as to specific Bi 2 O 3 containing crystalline compounds.Keywords: Glasses, Bismuth, Bi 2 O 3 , Electronics, Optics, Thick film technology, Sensors Introduction Low melting glasses in electronics and other applicationsAs for ceramics, inorganic glasses, glass-ceramic and glaze materials have long gone beyond their traditional uses to address a wide array of modern technological challenges, Owing to performance and cost criteria, most standard glasses have relatively high softening points. However, there are many technological applications where a low softening temperature is required, in order to lower energy expenditure, avoid damaging devices in contact with the glass during processing or ensure compatibility with other materials:(i) hermetic sealing of packages, lamps, electrical feedthroughs and semiconductor devices 13,14,16,17,19,44,45 (ii) hermetic sealing and mechanical attachment of sensors 23,27 ( Fig. 1) (iii) encapsulation of semiconductor devices 29,30 (iv) overglazing of automotive, packaging and architectural glass 33,34,[46][47][48] (v) photovoltaic (PV) solar cell technology -conductors and contacts 42,43,[49][50][51][52][53] (vi) enamelling of aluminium in architecture and home appliances 35,[54][55][56][57][58] (vii) thick film (TF) electronics and other devices 21,22,24,25,27,59 (Fig. 1, the section on 'PbO in low melting frits and TF technology'); especially, special low firing compositions for fabrication of circuits and sensors on glass or metals. 1,28,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72] For these applications, glasses are often formulated as frits (e.g. finely divided powder), which may be applied, dispersed in a suitable medium, onto a substrate by various methods such as slip casting, screen printing, roller/curtain coating, spraying, dispensing and electrophoresis, or as preforms for sealing. Classically, the aforementioned applications have to a great extent used lead based glasses, which have a rather unique combinat...

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