Electrical Safety Practices Developed for Automotive Lithium Ion Battery Dismantlement

Harter, J. A.; McIntyre, Timothy J.; White, James T.

doi:10.2172/1606888

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Subsequently, fast charging was performed at the desired C rate (1C to 6C, CC) until 4.2 V, followed by a constant voltage (CV) until C/2. The cells were then discharged at C/2 (CC) until 3.0 V. After the 10 fast-charging cycles, the pouch cells were fully discharged until 2.7 V at 0.4C (CC) and followed by a CV until C/20 prior to dismantling . The CV step was added during full discharge to fully equilibrate the SOC of the cell (to C/20) at the discharged state.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cells were then discharged at C/2 (CC) until 3.0 V. After the 10 fast-charging cycles, the pouch cells were fully discharged until 2.7 V at 0.4C (CC) and followed by a CV until C/20 prior to dismantling. 42 The CV step was added during full discharge to fully equilibrate the SOC of the cell (to C/20) at the discharged state. This prevents any nonequilibrated currents during dismantling of the battery.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anodic Interfacial Evolution in Extremely Fast Charged Lithium-Ion Batteries

Sarkar

Shrotriya

Nlebedim

2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Interfacial reaction mechanisms at the anode/separator interface play a central role in the performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries during fast charging. We report a mechanistic study on the evolution and interactions of the aging mechanisms at the anode/separator interface in lithium cobalt oxide/graphite pouch cells charged with variable charging rates (1–6C) over 10 cycles. In situ electrochemical measurements, including voltage relaxation, Coulombic efficiency, and direct current internal resistance, indicated an incremental lithium loss until the C rates were ≤5C. A substantial capacity fade is observed in the first few cycles of fast charging, but the magnitude of capacity fade progressively diminishes with the number of cycles, indicating a suppression in the lithium deposition mechanism. Post-mortem film thickness, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to elucidate the evolution of electrolyte decomposition, the solid–electrolyte interface (SEI), lithium plating, and film fracture mechanisms with C rate. XPS measurements confirmed an increasing lithium concentration in an SEI film with an increase in the C rate. SEM images showed a growth of dendritic lithium on the anode surface from 1C to 3C. Precrack formation leading to an interfacial film fracture was observed at higher C rates. A differential analysis of the discharge capacity indicated a possible two-phase delithiation from the anode and reduced cathodic lithiation due to lithium loss at high C rates.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodic Interfacial Evolution in Extremely Fast Charged Lithium-Ion Batteries

Sarkar

Shrotriya

Nlebedim

2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…The pouch cells were discharged @ CC until 2.7 V and held at CV until C/20. The cells were quickly transferred into a glovebox (MBraun, < 0.1 ppm of O 2 and H 2 O) 32 where they were cut open and the electrodes were carefully separated without damaging the deposited films. The film thickness was measured using a Mitutoyo IP65 μm with least count of 1 μm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetohydrodynamic Control of Interfacial Degradation in Lithium-Ion Batteries for Fast Charging Applications

Sarkar

Shrotriya

Nlebedim

2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Interfacial anodic degradation in graphitic materials under fast charging conditions causes severe performance loss and safety hazard in lithium ion batteries. We present a novel method for minimizing the growth of these aging mechanism by application of an external magnetic field. Under magnetic field, paramagnetic lithium ions experience a magnetohydrodynamic force, which rotates the perpendicularly diffusing species and homogenizes the ionic transport. This phenomenon minimizes the overpotential hotspots at the anode/separator interface, consequently reducing SEI growth, lithium plating, and interfacial fracture. In situ electrochemical measurements indicate an improvement in capacity for lithium cobalt oxide/graphite pouch cell (20 mAh) charged from 1–5 C under an applied field of 1.8 kG, with a maximum capacity gain of 22% at 5C. Post-mortem FE-SEM and EDS mapping shows that samples charged with magnetic field have a reduced lithium deposition at 3C and a complete suppression of interfacial fracture at 5C. At 5C, a 24% reduction in the lithium content is observed by performing XPS on the anodic interfacial film. Finally, fast charging performance under variable magnetic field strengths indicate a saturation behavior in capacity at high fields (>2 kG), thereby limiting the field and consequent energy requirements to obtain maximum capacity gain under extreme conditions.

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“…It can be found that the matrix S is a positive definite matrix. Then, it can be decomposed into Equation (17).…”

Section: Total Least Square For Plane Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the wide variety of EOF EVBs and complex structures, the task of recycling and disassembling EVBs is currently mainly manual [14,15]. This is inefficient and exposes workers to dangerous working conditions [16], making it difficult to guarantee the safety of dismantled power batteries [17]. Compared to the manual disassembly of the screws using human hands, an integrated robotic arm disassembly system may save a lot of costs and avoid some safety accidents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Accurate Activate Screw Detection Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Battery Disassembly

Zhang

et al. 2023

Batteries

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With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the number of end-of-life (EOF) electric vehicle batteries (EVBs) is also increasing day by day. Efficient dismantling and recycling of EVBs are essential to ensure environmental protection. There are many types of EVBs with complex structures, and the current automatic dismantling line is immature and lacks corresponding dismantling equipment. This makes it difficult for some small parts to be disassembled precisely. Screws are used extensively in batteries to fix or connect modules in EVBs. However, due to the small size of screws and differences in installation angles, screw detection is a very challenging task and a significant obstacle to automatic EVBs disassembly. This research proposes a systematic method to complete screw detection called “Active Screw Detection”. The experimental results show that with the YOLOX-s model, the improved YOLOX model achieves 95.92% and 92.14% accuracy for both mAP50 and mAP75 positioning after autonomous adjustment of the robotic arm attitude. Compared to the method without autonomous adjustment of the robotic arm, mAP50 and mAP75 improved by 62.81% and 57.67%, respectively. In addition, the improved YOLOX model improves mAP50 and mAP75 by 0.19% and 3.59%, respectively, compared to the original YOLOX model.

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Electrical Safety Practices Developed for Automotive Lithium Ion Battery Dismantlement

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Anodic Interfacial Evolution in Extremely Fast Charged Lithium-Ion Batteries

Anodic Interfacial Evolution in Extremely Fast Charged Lithium-Ion Batteries

Magnetohydrodynamic Control of Interfacial Degradation in Lithium-Ion Batteries for Fast Charging Applications

An Accurate Activate Screw Detection Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Battery Disassembly

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