Electrical status epilepticus in sleep: The role of thalamus in etiopathogenesis

Kılıç, Hüseyin; Yılmaz, Kübra; Asgarova, Parvana; Kızılkılıç, Osman; Hatay, Gokce Hale; Öztürk-Işık, Esin; Yalçınkaya, Cengiz; Saltık, Sema

doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2021.10.010

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Antiepileptic drugs might prevent cognitive deterioration and promote neurodevelopment if sophisticated MRI technologies identified people at high risk of ESES or in the prodromal phase when seizures began [ 4 ]. To rule out seizure types that may cause focal thalamic volume reduction, interictal epileptiform discharges, and chronic exposure to antiepileptic drug treatment, its effects, and disease duration, a prospective study with a large group of patients is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental studies have linked the amplification of oscillatory discharges in the cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) network to lesions in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus [ 3 ]. Thalamic volume loss, early developmental lesions, and functional impairment have been linked to CTC network disruption [ 4 ]. Although thalamic lesions have been linked to ESES [ 3 ], the cause of ESES without structural abnormalities is still not clearly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural evaluation of the brain with advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques in cases of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES)

DÜZKALIR,

GENÇ,

SAĞER

et al. 2023

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

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Background/aim The cause and treatment of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES), one of the epileptic encephalopathies of childhood, is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible microstructural abnormalities in the brain using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in ESES patients with and without genetic mutations. Materials and methods This research comprised 12 ESES patients without structural thalamic lesions (6 with genetic abnormalities and 6 without) and 12 healthy children. Whole-exome sequencing was used for the genetic mutation analysis. Brain MRI data were evaluated using tractus-based spatial statistics, voxel-based morphometry, a local gyrification index, subcortical shape analysis, FreeSurfer volume, and cortical thickness. The data of the groups were compared. Results The mean age in the control group was 9.05 ± 1.85 years, whereas that in the ESES group was 9.45 ± 2.72 years. Compared to the control group, the ESES patients showed higher mean thalamus diffusivity (p < 0.05). ESES patients with genetic mutations had lower axial diffusivity in the superior longitudinal fasciculus and gray matter volume in the entorhinal region, accumbens area, caudate, putamen, cerebral white matter, and outer cerebellar areas. The superior and middle temporal cortical thickness increased in the ESES patients. Conclusion This study is important in terms of presenting the microstructural evaluation of the brain in ESES patients with advanced MRI analysis methods as well as comparing patients with and without genetic mutations. These findings may be associated with corticostriatal transmission, ictogenesis, epileptogenesis, neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, and cerebellar involvement in ESES. Expanded case-group studies may help to understand the physiology of the corticothalamic circuitry in its etiopathogenesis and develop secondary therapeutic targets for ESES.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural evaluation of the brain with advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques in cases of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES)

DÜZKALIR,

GENÇ,

SAĞER

et al. 2023

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

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“…Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in NREM sleep are known to have an impact on cognition. The high SWI and SD in SES is thought to prevent the process of synaptic descaling, disrupt neuronal circuitry involved in information processing, and result in learning and memory impairments [6] , [30] , [31] , [32] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is sleep captured during a standard daytime EEG sufficient to diagnose Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep

Shah

Ghosh

Nagarajan

2023

Epilepsy & Behavior Reports

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“…Electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) describes an electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern of continuous spike and slow-wave activity during non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep seen in children [ 1 ]. It is hypothesized that the pathophysiology of this electrographic abnormality may be related to thalamic dysfunction [ 2 ]. In children, ESES appears in clinical syndromes including seizure activity and neurocognitive regression [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep (ESES) in an Elderly Adult: A Case Report

Nath¹,

Whitworth²,

Bretz³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) is a pattern of continuous spikes seen in electroencephalography (EEG) and may be associated with neuropsychological deficits in children. This EEG pattern has not previously been reported in older adults. In this case report, a 66-year-old woman with post-traumatic epilepsy presented to the emergency department following a breakthrough seizure. Her EEG exhibited a striking pattern of continuous spikes during sleep that stopped abruptly with wakefulness, which is characteristic of the ESES phenomenon. This patient had triggers for a breakthrough seizure including subtherapeutic seizure medication levels, exposure to flashing lights, and iatrogenic hyperthyroidism, but none of these triggers have been known to cause selectively continuous spikes during sleep on EEG. This finding suggests that the phenomenon of ESES may persist into older adulthood.

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Electrical status epilepticus in sleep: The role of thalamus in etiopathogenesis

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Microstructural evaluation of the brain with advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques in cases of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES)

Microstructural evaluation of the brain with advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques in cases of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES)

Is sleep captured during a standard daytime EEG sufficient to diagnose Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep

Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep (ESES) in an Elderly Adult: A Case Report

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