Electrical tuning in hair cells isolated from the chick cochlea

Fuchs, P. A.; Nagai, Torao; Evans, Michael G.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.08-07-02460.1988

Cited by 213 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Genomic contaminant transcripts were determined by the presence of a poly(A) tail in an EST, and the lack of a poly(A) signal, or by the presence of a poly(A)/ poly(T) stretch in the genomic sequence flanking the mapped EST sequence (Gabashvili et al 2005).…”

Section: Computational Analysis Of Est Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Channel Gene Expression in the Inner Ear

Gabashvili

Sokolowski

Morton

et al. 2007

JARO

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The ion channel genome is still being defined despite numerous publications on the subject. The ion channel transcriptome is even more difficult to assess. Using high-throughput computational tools, we surveyed all available inner ear cDNA libraries to identify genes coding for ion channels. We mapped over 100,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived from human cochlea, mouse organ of Corti, mouse and zebrafish inner ear, and rat vestibular end organs to Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Danio rerio, and Rattus norvegicus genomes. A survey of EST data alone reveals that at least a third of the ion channel genome is expressed in the inner ear, with highest expression occurring in hair cell-enriched mouse organ of Corti and rat vestibule. Our data and comparisons with other experimental techniques that measure gene expression show that every method has its limitations and does not per se provide a complete coverage of the inner ear ion channelome. In addition, the data show that most genes produce alternative transcripts with the same spectrum across multiple organisms, no ion channel gene variants are unique to the inner ear, and many splice variants have yet to be annotated. Our high-throughput approach offers a qualitative computational and experimental analysis of ion channel genes in inner ear cDNA collections. A lack of data and incomplete gene annotations prevent both rigorous statistical analyses and comparisons of entire ion channelomes derived from different tissues and organisms.

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Section: Computational Analysis Of Est Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Channel Gene Expression in the Inner Ear

Gabashvili

Sokolowski

Morton

et al. 2007

JARO

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“…Hair cells residing at specific locations along the apical-basal axis are maximally responsive to sounds at a particular frequency. In non-mammalian vertebrates such as turtles (Crawford and Fettiplace 1981) and birds (Fuchs et al 1988), this tuning seems to be largely mediated by intrinsic electrical resonance properties of hair cells. Electrical resonance in these cells is mediated by interplay between a depolarizing voltage-gated calcium current through calcium channels and a hyperpolarizing calcium-sensitive potassium current through BK channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Gradients along the Tonotopic Axis of the Chicken Auditory Epithelium

Frucht

Uduman

Kleinstein

et al. 2011

JARO

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There are known differences in the properties of hair cells along the tonotopic axis of the avian auditory epithelium, the basilar papilla (BP). To determine the genetic basis of these differences, we compared gene expression between the high-(HF), middle-, and lowfrequency (LF) thirds of 0-day-old chick auditory epithelia. RNA amplified from each sample was hybridized to whole-genome chicken arrays and GeneSpring software was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Two thousand six hundred sixty-three genes were found to be differentially expressed between the HF and LF segments, using a fold-change cutoff of 2 and a p value of 0.05. Many ion channel genes were differentially expressed between the HF and LF regions of the BP, an expression pattern that was previously established for some but not all of these genes. Quantitative PCR was used to verify tonotopic expression of 15 genes, including KCNMA1 (Slo) and its alternatively spliced STREX exon. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) were performed on the microarray data and revealed many microRNA gene sets significantly enriched in the HF relative to the LF end, suggesting a tonotopic activity gradient. GSEA also suggested differential activity of the kinases protein kinase C and protein kinase A at the HF and LF ends, an interesting corollary to the observation that there is tonotopic expression of the STREX exon that confers on Slo sensitivity to the activity of kinases. Taken together, these results suggest mechanisms of induction and maintenance of tonotopicity and enhance our understanding of the complex nature of proximal-distal gene expression gradients in the chicken BP.

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“…5D). A negative relationship between hair cell SL and frequency sensitivity has been demonstrated across vertebrate classes, including the frog AP (Simmons et al, 1994), the chick basilar papilla (Fuchs et al, 1988) and the mammalian cochlea (Wada, 1923;Iurato, 1967;Bohne and Carr, 1985). The time constant of the hair cell membrane largely determines how quickly the membrane can charge and discharge, and thus defines the maximum frequencies the cell can encode.…”

Section: The Basilar Papillamentioning

confidence: 99%