Electrically Biased Silicon Metasurfaces with Magnetic Mie Resonance for Tunable Harmonic Generation of Light

Lee, Kyu‐Tae; Taghinejad, Mohammad; Yan, Jiahao; Kim, Andrew S.; Raju, Lakshmi; Brown, Devin K.; Cai, Wenshan

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01398

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Propagation phase has been investigated by exploiting an effective refractive index to manipulate the retardation phase by changing the volume ratio, aspect ratio, and height of meta-atoms. 10,11 Resonant effects such as plasmonic resonance, [12][13][14][15] Mie resonance, 16,17 and Fabry-Pérot resonance 18,19 have also been exploited. By exploiting these resources, optical elements can be highly miniaturized and various optical applications have been implemented, such as beam splitters, [20][21][22] absorbers, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] metalenses, 30,31 metaholograms, [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] selective thermal emitters, [41][42][43] detecting devices, [44][45][46] and structural color.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable metasurfaces towards versatile metalenses and metaholograms: a review

et al. 2022

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Metasurfaces have attracted great attention due to their ability to manipulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light in a compact form. Tunable metasurfaces have been investigated recently through the integration with mechanically moving components and electrically tunable elements. Two interesting applications, in particular, are to vary the focal point of metalenses and to switch between holographic images. We present the recent progress on tunable metasurfaces focused on metalenses and metaholograms, including the basic working principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each working mechanism. We classify the tunable stimuli based on the light source and electrical bias, as well as others such as thermal and mechanical modulation. We conclude by summarizing the recent progress of metalenses and metaholograms, and providing our perspectives for the further development of tunable metasurfaces.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable metasurfaces towards versatile metalenses and metaholograms: a review

et al. 2022

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“…3 The electrical field has been remarkably reduced recently because advanced nano-machining enables fine control over the size and arrangement of active materials. The nonlinear optical (NLO) responses have been electrically modulated in a series of nanostructure, including the plasmonic structures of gold, [4][5][6][7] graphene, 8 and silicon, 9 as well as two-dimensional layered structures (WSe2, 10 MoTe, 11 MoS2, 12 graphene 13 ), CdS nanobelt, 14 organic conjugated polymer, 15 etc. However, most efforts have been devoted to modulate the frequency conversion of laser, which is a parametric NLO response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing Saturable Absorption and Reverse Saturable Absorption in a PEDOT:PSS Film via Electrical Modulation

Sun

Hou

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The electrical tuning of the nonlinear absorption of materials has promising application potential, while studies remain rare. In this work, we show that the third-order nonlinear absorption of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) chemically doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) [PEDOT:PSS] can be effectively modulated by external voltage. The 2 nonlinear absorption of the film can be varied between reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and saturable absorption (SA) via voltage control with laser excitation at 800 nm, and corresponding nonlinear absorption coefficient can be tuned in the range -1590 to 518 cm GW -1 . The doping level and energy structure of PEDOT are modulated with different voltages. The undoped film affords two-photon absorption and accordingly the RSA response. A moderately doped sample has two polaron levels, and Pauli blocking associated with these two polaron levels results in SA. The bipolaron level in heavily doped PEDOT leads to excited state absorption and therefore RSA behavior.The approach reported here can be applied to other semiconductors, being a convenient, effective, and promising method for the electrical tuning of the optical nonlinearity.

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“…holey gold films, [2,3] gold nano-islands, [4] graphene nano-islands, [5] silicon metasurfaces [6] ), 2D layered structures (e.g., monolayer WSe 2 , [7] monolayer MoTe, [8] bilayer MoS 2 , [9] graphene [10] ), CdS nanobelts, [11] organic conjugated polymers, [12] etc., but these studies have focused on the electrical control of parametric NLO processes, for example, second-harmonic generation and third-harmonic generation of lasers.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adom202001357mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electro‐optical coupling devices working in the nonlinear optical (NLO) regime are attracting special attention, encouraged by potentially new approaches to optical signal processing. The electrical control of nonlinear generation has been recently implemented via plasmonic structures (e.g., gold nanoslits, [ 1 ] holey gold films, [ 2,3 ] gold nano‐islands, [ 4 ] graphene nano‐islands, [ 5 ] silicon metasurfaces [ 6 ] ), 2D layered structures (e.g., monolayer WSe 2 , [ 7 ] monolayer MoTe, [ 8 ] bilayer MoS 2 , [ 9 ] graphene [ 10 ] ), CdS nanobelts, [ 11 ] organic conjugated polymers, [ 12 ] etc., but these studies have focused on the electrical control of parametric NLO processes, for example, second‐harmonic generation and third‐harmonic generation of lasers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Tuning of the Fifth‐Order Optical Nonlinearity of Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide

Hou

Sun

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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In this work, the electrical tuning of the fifth‐order nonlinear absorption of antimony‐doped tin oxide (ATO) by ionic liquid gating is demonstrated. The pristine ATO film exhibits two‐photon‐induced excited‐state absorption (2PA‐ESA) with laser excitation at 1030 nm. The fifth‐order nonlinear absorption coefficient (γeff) of the ATO film can be monotonically modified in the range of 0.51 to 3.46 cm3 GW−2 by varying the sample bias, with a maximum enhancement factor of 6.8. The fundamental processes occurring during electrical tuning are revealed. The electrostatic and electrochemical capacitance is responsible for the modification in the number of free carriers in the conduction band of ATO. The electrical modulation of the nonlinear absorption of the ATO is ascribed to the voltage‐dependent diameter of the undepleted core of ATO. A smaller voltage results in the charging of ATO and a larger undepleted core, and consequently the size of the active component for 2PA‐ESA is larger. The electrochemical capacitance results from the chemisorption of H+ and OH− on the surface of the ATO, the larger water content in the ionic liquid affording a larger modulation range for the number of free carriers and the γeff.

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Electrically Biased Silicon Metasurfaces with Magnetic Mie Resonance for Tunable Harmonic Generation of Light

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

Tunable metasurfaces towards versatile metalenses and metaholograms: a review

Tunable metasurfaces towards versatile metalenses and metaholograms: a review

Realizing Saturable Absorption and Reverse Saturable Absorption in a PEDOT:PSS Film via Electrical Modulation

Electrical Tuning of the Fifth‐Order Optical Nonlinearity of Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide

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