Electrically-conductive fibers of polyaniline spun from solutions in concentrated sulfuric acid

Andreatta, Alejandro; Cao, Yong; Chiang, J.; Heeger, Alan J.; Smith, Paul

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(88)90233-0

Cited by 274 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is important to note that the high PEDOT:PSS loading (above 16.7 wt%) was achieved by decreasing the PU concentration in the spinning solution (see secondary x-axis). It was found that the modulus data fi ts very well with Mooney's equation [ 41 ] (Equation ( 1) . This model has been employed for elucidating the reinforcement of fi llers with relatively low stiffness and rigidity in a soft matrix.…”

Section: Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 82%

Strain‐Responsive Polyurethane/PEDOT:PSS Elastomeric Composite Fibers with High Electrical Conductivity

Seyedin

Razal

Innis

et al. 2014

Adv Funct Materials

259

235

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2957www.MaterialsViews.com wileyonlinelibrary.com response to be measurable in a wide range of applied strain. In practical situations, the applied strains can be as small as less than a few percent or as large as tens to hundreds of percent. Some applications where small strains are important are damage detection, structural characterisation, and fatigue studies in materials, [24][25][26] while applications such as body movement measurement, [ 16,20 ] medical monitoring, [ 18,19,27 ] and sports rehabilitation and injury prevention [ 21,28 ] require large strains sensing. This work reports for the fi rst time, the production of elastomeric composite fi bers with high electrical conductivity that are capable of monitoring wide range of applied strains (up to 260%) and can therefore be useful in applications such as strain gauge sensors in wearable bionics and stretchable electronics. The fi ber wet-spinning approach that we have developed effi ciently exploits the high stretchability of a medical grade elastomeric polyurethane (PU) and the high conductivity of PEDOT:PSS.This work contributes to the relatively unexplored production of conductive and elastomeric composite fi bers. The lack of progress in this fi eld can be attributed to the limited development of elastomeric composite formulations that contain welldispersed conducting fi llers, which are also processable by fi ber wet-spinning methods. In the limited cases where conductive fi llers such as polyaniline, [ 29 ] polythiophene [ 30 ] and carbon nanotubes [ 31 ] were utilized in the wet-spinning of conducting fi ber composites, the observed change in the electrical properties have only been marginal at large deformations. These reports also show that signifi cant amount of fi ller loading is necessary to achieve percolation of conducting networks, which was found to be detrimental to the overall mechanical properties of the composite. The most common alternative approach to produce fi bers with both elastic and conductive properties is by coating the elastomeric fi ber (some reports use yarn or textile) with a thin layer of the conducting material. This approach has been used for conductor/elastomer combinations such as polypyrrole on Tactel/Lycra [ 32 ] and nylon/Lycra [ 21 ] fabrics and PEDOT:PSS on Spandex fabric [ 23 ] to name a few, employing methods such as oxidative chemical polymerization, in situ chemical polymerization, chemical vapor deposition, and dip-coating. However, the conductive coatings produced often have poor adhesion and are less stretchy than the parent elastomer fi ber resulting in poor overall electrical and mechanical performance. [ 21,23,32 ] The surface and mechanical property mismatch between the conductive Strain-Responsive Polyurethane/PEDOT:PSS Elastomeric Composite Fibers with High Electrical ConductivityMohammad Ziabari Seyedin , Joselito M. Razal , * Peter C. Innis , and Gordon G. Wallace * It is a challenge to retain the high stretchability of an elastomer when used in polymer composites. Likewise, the high conductivit...

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Section: Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 82%

Strain‐Responsive Polyurethane/PEDOT:PSS Elastomeric Composite Fibers with High Electrical Conductivity

Seyedin

Razal

Innis

et al. 2014

Adv Funct Materials

259

235

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“…Quantities of the resultant polymers are summarized in Table 1. We also conducted preparation of PANI with ()-10-camphorsulfonic acid (()-CSA, (abbreviated PC), and a normal PANI (abbreviated PN) prepared by typical methods as references [15,16]. PANI1, PANI2, and PANI3 were obtained in trace amounts.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of Polyaniline in the Presence of Trehalose

Kawashima¹,

Goto²

2011

SNL

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“…It should be noted that polyaniline dissolved in the "NaH-DMSO" reagent because it is generally insoluble in organic solvents except concentrated sulfuric acid. 18 The morphology of polypyrrole in the polypyrrole-PPT A com-736 posite depends on the preparetion procedure of PPT A film, i.e., the procedure by washing the PPT A gel as-electrodeposited with aqueous HCl 19 or with acetonitrile. 11 The PPTA film obtained by washing with aqueous HCl is highly crystalline and may be porous.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Conductive Composite of Polyaniline-Aramid and Its Application as a Cathode Material for Secondary Battery

Koga

Yamasaki

Narimatsu

et al. 1989

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:An electroconductive composite ofpolyaniline and poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) was prepared to provide a light-weight, self-supporting, conductive polymeric film. The electropolymerization of aniline was conducted in acidic water on the electrode covered with the PPTA film. The composite is a flexible self-supporting film having a tensile modulus of 2 GPa and tensile strength of 160 MPa. The results of cyclic voltammetry and battery test on the composite electrode revealed that the electrochemical activities of the composite are almost the same as those of the polyaniline single film. KEY WORDSPoly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Polyaniline Conductive Composite / Secondary Battery / Polyaniline is a promising conductive polymers because of its facility of synthesis and chemical stability. Its applications such as secondary battery 1 -3 and display4 have been investigated extensively. A film of polyaniline is electrochemically polymerized in acidic water,5 but the film is mechanically weak like other electroconductive polymers. In order to improve these mechanical properties, the composite formation has been attempted using elecyroconductive polymers and inert host polymers. Among them, the most successful method to form the composite was found in the electropolymerization of conductive polymer on the electrode covered with the insulating polymer. For example, polypyrrole/ poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), 6 • 7 polypyrrole/ poly(vinyl alcohol), 8 polythiophene/PVC 9 etc. have been prepared by this method. As for the polyaniline, there are only a few reports on the composite such as polyaniline/ poly(methyl methacrylate). 10 This composite is a thin film of 200 nm thickness and not selfsupporting.Recently we reported the mechanically strong conductive composite of polypyrrole and poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PP-T A) formed by the above method. 11 PPT A is well-known as the molecule used for Kevlar fiber of du Pont company having ultrahigh strength and ultrahigh modulus. The PPT A film was found by us to be prepared by the electrodposition of PPT A polyanion dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMS0). 12 As-electrodeposited PPT A film is in a state of gel. The PPT A film obtained by the appropriate treatment is in a solvated state with DMSO and has coarse texture, which enables us to form the composite with conductive polymers.11 In this paper, we report the composite of polyaniline and PPTA prepared by the electropolymerization of aniline on the electrode covered with the electrodeposited PPT A film and also describe the performance 733

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Electrically-conductive fibers of polyaniline spun from solutions in concentrated sulfuric acid

Cited by 274 publications

References 14 publications

Strain‐Responsive Polyurethane/PEDOT:PSS Elastomeric Composite Fibers with High Electrical Conductivity

Strain‐Responsive Polyurethane/PEDOT:PSS Elastomeric Composite Fibers with High Electrical Conductivity

Preparation and Properties of Polyaniline in the Presence of Trehalose

Electrically Conductive Composite of Polyaniline-Aramid and Its Application as a Cathode Material for Secondary Battery

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