“…33 In the literature, experimental values of t σ for various PMMA/MWCNT composites were obtained as 1.73, 1.70, 2.15, and 2.30. 4,24,34,35 The calculated t σ = 2.23 value in this work agrees well with the theoretical and experimental data reported in the literature. Figure 6.The log – lo g plot of σ versus φ – φ σ .…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Figure 5 shows that the surface conductivity ( σ ) value of pure PMMA film is around 10 −16 Siemens. Conductivity values given for pure PMMA in the literature are in the range from 10 −14 S m −1 to 10 −17 S m −1 , which covers also the value measured in this our experiment for pure PMMA. 17,26 On the other hand, the conductivity of pure MWCNT is given in the 10 3 –10 5 S m −1 range.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…On the other hand, different percolation models are needed to explain the changes in the mechanical properties of various polymer composites. 4 One of the approaches developed for this purpose is the modified classical percolation equation. 45,46 In order to paraphrase our mechanical data in accordance with this approach, we can arrange the classical percolation equation as follows …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among many polymers, PMMA is an amorphous polymer with relatively low cost, weather resistance, easy synthesis, optical permeability, and biocompatibility. [3][4][5] However, it has some restrictions in mechanical applications, especially when exposed to heavy external static and dynamic loading. For this reason, strong fillers are added in order to increase the mechanical strength of PMMA.…”
In this study, we report the preparation of poly (methyl methacrylate)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite thin films by simple and efficient solution mixing and ultrasonic method and the electrical, optical, and mechanical characterizations. Scattered light intensity ( I sc), tensile modulus ( E), and surface conductivity ( σ) of these composites have increased with the addition of MWCNT into the composite. The observed behavior in electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of the poly (methyl methacrylate)/MWCNT composites was interpreted by site and classical percolation theory. The optical mechanical and electrical percolation thresholds of poly (methyl methacrylate)/MWCNT composites were determined as φ op = 3 wt%, φ m = 0 wt%, and φσ = 5 wt%, respectively. The optical ( t op), mechanical ( t m), and electrical ( t σ) critical exponents were calculated as 2.23, 0.43, and 0.11, respectively. Both the tensile modulus and tensile strength of poly (methyl methacrylate)/MWCNT composites were increased with increasing MWCNT content until it reaches to 10 wt%. However, above φ = 10 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites were decreased due to the aggregation of MWCNTs, while the toughness does not show a significant change until φ = 10 wt% MWCNT content, whereas it was decreased above this value.
“…33 In the literature, experimental values of t σ for various PMMA/MWCNT composites were obtained as 1.73, 1.70, 2.15, and 2.30. 4,24,34,35 The calculated t σ = 2.23 value in this work agrees well with the theoretical and experimental data reported in the literature. Figure 6.The log – lo g plot of σ versus φ – φ σ .…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Figure 5 shows that the surface conductivity ( σ ) value of pure PMMA film is around 10 −16 Siemens. Conductivity values given for pure PMMA in the literature are in the range from 10 −14 S m −1 to 10 −17 S m −1 , which covers also the value measured in this our experiment for pure PMMA. 17,26 On the other hand, the conductivity of pure MWCNT is given in the 10 3 –10 5 S m −1 range.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…On the other hand, different percolation models are needed to explain the changes in the mechanical properties of various polymer composites. 4 One of the approaches developed for this purpose is the modified classical percolation equation. 45,46 In order to paraphrase our mechanical data in accordance with this approach, we can arrange the classical percolation equation as follows …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among many polymers, PMMA is an amorphous polymer with relatively low cost, weather resistance, easy synthesis, optical permeability, and biocompatibility. [3][4][5] However, it has some restrictions in mechanical applications, especially when exposed to heavy external static and dynamic loading. For this reason, strong fillers are added in order to increase the mechanical strength of PMMA.…”
In this study, we report the preparation of poly (methyl methacrylate)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite thin films by simple and efficient solution mixing and ultrasonic method and the electrical, optical, and mechanical characterizations. Scattered light intensity ( I sc), tensile modulus ( E), and surface conductivity ( σ) of these composites have increased with the addition of MWCNT into the composite. The observed behavior in electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of the poly (methyl methacrylate)/MWCNT composites was interpreted by site and classical percolation theory. The optical mechanical and electrical percolation thresholds of poly (methyl methacrylate)/MWCNT composites were determined as φ op = 3 wt%, φ m = 0 wt%, and φσ = 5 wt%, respectively. The optical ( t op), mechanical ( t m), and electrical ( t σ) critical exponents were calculated as 2.23, 0.43, and 0.11, respectively. Both the tensile modulus and tensile strength of poly (methyl methacrylate)/MWCNT composites were increased with increasing MWCNT content until it reaches to 10 wt%. However, above φ = 10 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites were decreased due to the aggregation of MWCNTs, while the toughness does not show a significant change until φ = 10 wt% MWCNT content, whereas it was decreased above this value.
“…As for preparation methods, mechanical exfoliation by sonication [ 11 , 12 ], epitaxial growth on metal or silicon carbide [ 13 , 14 ], chemical vapour deposition [ 15 – 17 ], and etc have been investigated extensively. Among these methods, the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) has aroused great research interest in recent years due to its advantages, such as relatively simple, economic, manageable and eco-friendly [ 18 – 22 ].…”
We demonstrate an electrochemical reduction method to reduce graphene oxide (GO) to electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) with the assistance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The faster and more efficient reduction of GO can be achieved after proper addition of CNTs into GO during the reduction process. This nanotube/nanosheet composite was deposited on electrode as active material for electrochemical energy storage applications. It has been found that the specific capacitance of the composite film was strongly affected by the mass ratio of GO/CNTs and the scanning ratio of cyclic voltammetry. The obtained ERGO/CNT composite electrode exhibited a 279.4 F/g-specific capacitance and showed good cycle rate performance with the evidence that the specific capacitance maintained above 90% after 6000 cycles. The synergistic effect between ERGO and CNTs as well as crossing over of CNTs into ERGO is attributed to the high electrochemical performance of composite electrode.
In this paper, a novel kind of PMMA copolymer, P(MMA‐co‐MAA‐co‐SPMA), with permanently antistatic, high toughness, and high transparent properties, was synthesized via radical copolymerization. Herein, we selected the appropriate compatibilizer α‐methacrylic acid (MAA) and release agent (lauryldiethanolamine) through the calculation of solubility parameters for industrial mass production. What is more, the polymer's molecular weight was increased by improving the polymer's synthesis process. The structure and properties of the obtained copolymer were characterized. With 0.6 wt% of the 3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPMA), the copolymer exhibits nearly unchanged transparency with neat PMMA, and its unnotched impact strength reaches 16 kJ/m2. The surface resistance of the copolymer could be reduced to 1010 Ω, which could be considered as antistatic materials. Finally, the antistatic mechanism was analyzed. The main reason is that the hydrophilic group absorbs water to form a conductive layer on the surface, and 3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPMA) is an ionic monomer that can form ion channels in water molecules, further accelerating the leakage of accumulated electrostatic charges and improving the antistatic properties of the copolymer. The method of selecting compatibilizers and release agents through solubility parameters provides more opportunities for the development of PMMA with excellent comprehensive performance.
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