Electrically controlled transdermal delivery of naproxen and indomethacin from porous cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene matrix

Abstract

This study is focused on the inquiry of using a porous polymeric structure to absorb and release transdermally two drugs through a skin from deproteinized natural rubber latex (DPNR). The porous DPNR films were fabricated from the internal formation of surfactant micelles and their subsequent leaching out to generate porous structures. The pore size of DPNR films increased with increasing surfactant amount. The model drugs were naproxen and indomethacin; their releases and release‐permeations were investigated under the effects of surfactant amount, electrical potential, and drug size. Without electric field, the drug release mechanism was mainly driven by concentration gradient. The higher amount of drug released was obtained from the matrix with a larger pore size. Under electric field, the higher amounts of drug release were obtained in the shorter drug release durations, via the electrorepulsive force between the negatively charged drugs and the cathode electrode. The molecular drug size was a factor for the drug absorption, release rate and amount. For the drug release‐permeation experiment through the pig skin, there were two release‐permeation periods as governed by the combination of concentration gradient and swelling in the first period, and the matrix erosion in the second period. The fabricated porous DPNR films have been shown here to be potential to be used as a transdermal patch with electrically controllable drug release rate, amount and duration along with the facile drug‐matrix loading and absorption.

Enhanced transdermal insulin basal release from silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels via iontophoresis

“…The time to equilibrium decreases from 8 h to 5 h. The amounts of insulin release-permeation are relatively low when compared to the release experiments under the same conditions. This was due to a longer time required to generate aqueous pathways or pores in the fluid lipid bilayer membrane during the ‘the pore formation period’ (Ruangmak et al., 2021 ). At a higher electric field, the amount of insulin released-permeation increases due to the ‘electro-repulsive force’ between the anionic drug (pI of insulin 5.4) (Nadendla & Friedman, 2017 ; Zhang et al., 2019 ) and the negatively charge electrode (Paradee et al., 2021 ), and the ‘silk-expansion effect’ (Mongkolkitikul et al., 2017 ).…”

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as an insulin carrier in silk fibroin hydrogels for transdermal delivery via iontophoresis

“…46,47,69,79 The uid lipid bilayer membrane (pig belly skin) requires a longer time to create an aqueous pathway or pore called 'the pore formation period'. 80 The effect of pH values may presumably inuence the membrane pore formation.…”

Evolution of nanostructured skin patches towards multifunctional wearable platforms for biomedical applications

“…For example, Ruangmak et al applied porous cis -1,4-polyisoprene as a matrix in drug absorption and release due to its uniform porous structures and non-cytotoxicity to human cells. 46 The drug release time was regulated mainly by the concentration gradient. Simultaneously, the pore size of the matrix and external electric field was used to control the diffusion coefficient of drug release.…”