Evolution of nanostructured skin patches towards multifunctional wearable platforms for biomedical applications

Abstract

Recent advances in the field of skin patches have promoted the development of wearable and implantable bioelectronics for long-term, continuous healthcare management and targeted therapy treatments. However, designing these electronic...

Injectable and self-healable nano-architectured hydrogel for NIR-light responsive chemo- and photothermal bacterial eradication

“…81 Light as a stimulus offers distinctive benefits, including spatiotemporal precision, relative safety, and limited interference with cellular signaling pathways. 82,83 For this purpose, the KET was selected as a small, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The KET release kinetics were tested in 4 different temperature conditions to emphasize the influence of laser on drug release from the polymeric material.…”

Recent advances in smart wearable sensors as electronic skin

“…New technologies have been developed that combine multiple sensors to monitor health and robotic movements, which mostly utilize nanomaterials and nanostructures for optimal performance. 163 Table 2 summarizes the recent advancements in the multi-sensor function of e-skins.…”

Light- and Solvent-Responsive Bilayer Hydrogel Actuators with Reversible Bending Behaviors

“…Homogeneous expansion–contraction or swelling degree differences in heterogeneous structures can be used to control the swelling behavior of the hydrogel systems, which can be reversibly actuated by light, temperature, magnetic field, or pH . Particularly, light is an effective external stimulus for hydrogel systems due to its cleanliness and versatility tuned by its wavelength and intensity. , To this end, different types of light-responsive hydrogel systems have been developed and used in different fields, including drug delivery, microfluidics, sensing, actuators, robotics, and wearable platforms. − Introducing photoresponsive molecules such as spiropyran, diarylethene, and azobenzene to hydrogel systems leads to macroscopic shape changes. Among these molecules, spiropyrans (SPs) that isomerize to protonated merocyanine (MC) under UV light with a wavelength of 330–370 nm and return to the initial colorless state under exposure to visible light (>450 nm) are one of the effective photoresponsive materials (Figure a). , These two isomers of spiropyran have different chemical structures and physical properties.…”