Electrically switchable metallic polymer nanoantennas

Karst, Julian; Floess, Moritz; Ubl, Monika; Dingler, Carsten; Malacrida, Claudia; Steinle, Tobias; Ludwigs, Sabine; Hentschel, Mario; Gießen, Harald

doi:10.1126/science.abj3433

Cited by 115 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Indeed, drops in μ upon reduction has been reported previously for similar polymers, as a result of reversible changes in microstructure such as degree of order and lamellar packing distance. [ 59,60 ] Calculated effects of simultaneously changing n and μ can be seen in Figure 4d as an overall reduction in the extinction signals with a slight redshift. Therefore, comparison of the analytical calculations with the experimental results in Figure 4a suggests that the experimental device undergoes a combined reduction of carrier density and mobility.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Tuning of Plasmonic Conducting Polymer Nanoantennas

et al. 2022

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Nanostructures of conventional metals offer manipulation of light at the nanoscale but are largely limited to static behavior due to fixed material properties. To develop the next frontier of dynamic nano‐optics and metasurfaces, this study utilizes the redox‐tunable optical properties of conducting polymers, as recently shown to be capable of sustaining plasmons in their most conducting oxidized state. Electrically tunable conducting polymer nano‐optical antennas are presented, using nanodisks of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene:sulfate) (PEDOT:Sulf) as a model system. In addition to repeated on/off switching of the polymeric nanoantennas, the concept enables gradual electrical tuning of the nano‐optical response, which was found to be related to the modulation of both density and mobility of the mobile polaronic charge carriers in the polymer. The resonance position of the PEDOT:Sulf nanoantennas can be conveniently controlled by disk size, here reported down to a wavelength of around 1270 nm. The presented concept may be used for electrically tunable metasurfaces, with tunable farfield as well as nearfield. The work thereby opens for applications ranging from tunable flat meta‐optics to adaptable smart windows.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Tuning of Plasmonic Conducting Polymer Nanoantennas

et al. 2022

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“…To overcome this limitation, a metallic polymer combining with electrical tuning method has been implemented. 167 A stimulus-responsive, electric, thermal and mechanical, dynamic metahologram has been obtained using a designer LC. 164 The LCs can be modulated by three different methods and operate as a switch that could change the holographic images in real-time [Fig.…”

Section: Tunable Metaholograms By Non-electrical Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable metasurfaces towards versatile metalenses and metaholograms: a review

et al. 2022

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Metasurfaces have attracted great attention due to their ability to manipulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light in a compact form. Tunable metasurfaces have been investigated recently through the integration with mechanically moving components and electrically tunable elements. Two interesting applications, in particular, are to vary the focal point of metalenses and to switch between holographic images. We present the recent progress on tunable metasurfaces focused on metalenses and metaholograms, including the basic working principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each working mechanism. We classify the tunable stimuli based on the light source and electrical bias, as well as others such as thermal and mechanical modulation. We conclude by summarizing the recent progress of metalenses and metaholograms, and providing our perspectives for the further development of tunable metasurfaces.

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“…The device consists of a working/counter electrode pair, and both are electrodeposited polyaniline (PANI) on an Au-sputtered nanoporous nylon membrane. In recent years, PANI and other conjugated polymers, such as PEDOT:PSS, have been viewed as promising materials for high-range nonvolatile tunable optics [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] . Prior research in electrochromic applications of PANI-based material focused on spacecraft thermal control rather than personal thermal management [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] .…”

Section: Weave Design and Working Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

A Kirigami-enabled Electrochromic Wearable Variable Emittance (WeaVE) Device for Energy-Efficient Adaptive Personal Thermoregulation

Chen

Hong

et al. 2022

Preprint

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For centuries, people have put effort to improve the thermal performance of clothing to adapt to varying temperatures. However, most clothing we wear today only offers a single-mode insulation. The adoption of active thermal management devices, such as resistive heaters, Peltier coolers, and water recirculation are limited by their excessive energy consumption and form factor for long-term, continuous, and personalized thermal comfort. In this paper, we developed a wearable variable-emittance device (WeaVE), enabling the tunable radiative heat transfer coefficient to fill the missing gap between thermoregulation energy efficiency and controllability. WeaVE is an electrically driven, kirigami-enabled electrochromic thin-film device that can effectively tune the mid-infrared thermal radiation heat loss of the human body. The kirigami designs provide stretchability and conformal deformation attached to the human body surface, and the electronic control enables programmable personalized thermoregulation. With less than 5.58 mJ/cm2 energy input per switching, WeaVE provides 4.9°C expansion of the thermal comfort zone, which is equivalent to a continuous power input of 33.9 W/m2. This non-volatile characteristic substantially decreases the required energy while maintaining the on-demand controllability, thereby providing vast opportunities for the next generation of smart personal thermal managing fabrics and wearable technologies.

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Electrically switchable metallic polymer nanoantennas

Cited by 115 publications

References 34 publications

Electrical Tuning of Plasmonic Conducting Polymer Nanoantennas

Electrical Tuning of Plasmonic Conducting Polymer Nanoantennas

Tunable metasurfaces towards versatile metalenses and metaholograms: a review

A Kirigami-enabled Electrochromic Wearable Variable Emittance (WeaVE) Device for Energy-Efficient Adaptive Personal Thermoregulation

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