Electrically tunable optical fiber device based on hollow-core fiber infiltrated with liquid crystal

Liu, Yingxuan; Cheng, Ze; Zhang, Yanan; Guo, Ma; Li, Xuegang; Zhao, Yong

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2020.112500

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Optical fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometers (FMZIs) based on the interference of the core and cladding modes can achieve superior interference characteristics, because their interfering modes have the potential of being highly tunable. Consequently, extensive research combines various materials with photonic crystal fiber [ 1 , 2 ], hollow-core fiber (HCF) [ 3 , 4 ], twin-core fiber [ 5 ], and D-shaped fiber [ 6 ] for the fabricated FMZIs. The silica-based fibers combined with the other materials, including liquids [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], nanoparticles [ 13 , 14 ], and 2D materials (graphene) [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], would generate much higher sensitivity to external parameters than that of the intrinsic silica fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, extensive research combines various materials with photonic crystal fiber [ 1 , 2 ], hollow-core fiber (HCF) [ 3 , 4 ], twin-core fiber [ 5 ], and D-shaped fiber [ 6 ] for the fabricated FMZIs. The silica-based fibers combined with the other materials, including liquids [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], nanoparticles [ 13 , 14 ], and 2D materials (graphene) [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], would generate much higher sensitivity to external parameters than that of the intrinsic silica fibers. Various configurations for the FMZIs have been proposed in the literature and have been demonstrated their effectiveness [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The silica-based fibers combined with the other materials, including liquids [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], nanoparticles [ 13 , 14 ], and 2D materials (graphene) [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], would generate much higher sensitivity to external parameters than that of the intrinsic silica fibers. Various configurations for the FMZIs have been proposed in the literature and have been demonstrated their effectiveness [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Examples include an FMZI with anti-resonance based on an multi-mode fiber (MMF)-HCF-MMF structure for sensing application [ 21 ], tapered fiber-based FMZI for the refractive index (RI) and temperature (T) measurement [ 22 ], core-offset in-line FMZI [ 23 ], an in-line FMZI with thin-core fiber (TCF)-thin fiber-TCF [ 24 ], and SMF-HCF-SMF structures [ 12 , 20 , 28 , <...>…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the high modulation of RIs in the liquids, combining optical fiber has a broad range of applications. The application of fiber-optic sensors combined with liquids entails changing the effective RI of the external surroundings [ 8 ], cladding modes [ 6 , 7 , 9 ], or core mode [ 4 , 12 ] for the FMZIs. In a section on changing the external surroundings of the fiber, the study of Zhu et al reported an FMZI based on tapered hollow optical fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Highly Modulated In-Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based on an Ultracompact Leaky-Guided Liquid Core

Lee

Zhuo

Liu

2022

Sensors

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We proposed a novel sensor based on an ultracompact leaky-guided liquid core fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (LLCFMZI) for high modulation of an interference spectrum. The sensor structure is based on a micro-sized hollow-core fiber (HCF) splicing a tilt end face single-mode fiber (SMF) to create a miniature oblique gap for the effective access of different liquids. The liquid core with a relatively lower refractive index (RI) than the cladding can achieve a leaky-mode optical waveguide (LMOW) mechanism, and its volume is only approximately 7.85 pL. In addition, the utilized micro-length HCF can reduce the energy loss of core in the LMOW to obtain an acceptable extinction ratio (>30 dB) with high temperature (T) sensitivity in the interference spectra. Experimental results show that the interference spectra can be highly modulated within the wide measurement range of 1250–1650 nm with a steadily linear response for thermal effect. The measured temperature sensitivities (T-sensitivities) of various liquids of DI water, ethanol, and Cargille-liquid (nD = 1.305) are 0.8869, 4.4754, and 4.8229 nm/°C, and the corresponding measured thermal optics coefficient (TOC) are −4.16 × 10−5, −2.11 × 10−4, and −3.6 × 10−4 °C−1, respectively. Measurement results demonstrate that the used liquids with a higher TOC can obtain better T-sensitivity modulation. The highest experimental sensitivity of the liquid-core filled with Cargille-liquid (nD = 1.40) is up to +13.87 nm/°C with a corresponding TOC of −4.07 × 10−4 °C−1. Furthermore, the experimental and theoretical values are in good agreement according to FSR the measuring scheme that investigates the effectiveness of the proposed LLCFMZI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Highly Modulated In-Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based on an Ultracompact Leaky-Guided Liquid Core

Lee

Zhuo

Liu

2022

Sensors

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“…In addition, novel application based on metasurface-AR waveguide schematic is introduced. By depositing a polarizing metasurface on the both side of the AR waveguide interconnection surfaces and filling the hollow region with liquid crystal (LC), an optical device whose transmittance is controlled by voltage can be manufactured [24], [25]. The schematic is expected to be an electrooptic modulation device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Studies on Antiresonant Waveguide Assisted Metasurface and Its Application

Kim

2022

IEEE Access

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The growth of the nanotechnology and intense studies on subwavelength nanophotonics has facilitated research in the field of metamaterials and metasurfaces. Optical waveguides has been a proper platform for metasurface applications because of its versatility and numerous infrastructure. In this paper, a metasurface interconnection method via attaching antiresonant waveguide is introduced. The antiresonant waveguide allows all-waveguide type inline metasurface schematic. Numerical calculations verified that the antiresonant fiber is capable of metasurface interconnection. In addition, an inline optical transmission modulator has been proposed by filling liquid crystal inside the hollow region. A liquid crystal device with on-state transmittance of 93.64%, and off-state transmittance of 0.96% with a smooth transient region are achieved.

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Multichannel Fiber Optic SPR Sensors: Realization Methods, Application Status, and Future Prospects

Zhang

Han

Zhang

et al. 2022

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Fiber optic sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) have demonstrated outstanding performance in biomedical, environmental monitoring, public safety, and other aspects, which provide powerful platforms for qualitative detection and quantitative analysis of molecular interactions. Among them, multichannel fiber optic SPR sensor has become a core tool in parallel detection scenarios due to the superiorities of compensating for nonspecific binding and environmental fluctuations and implementing multianalyte determination. The realization methods of multichannel sensing revolve around fiber microstructures, enhancement by materials, and hybrid fiber. The applications of multichannel fiber optic SPR sensors are demonstrated in sensing of liquid refractive index (RI), RI and temperature, biochemical molecules, and physical parameters. This review thoroughly analyzes and compares the structure, excitation effect, sensing performance, and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of multichannel fiber optic SPR sensor. Even though there are still some challenges, such as insufficient sensing channels and difficulty in fabrication, in their advancement, efforts in multidiscipline including developing high-performance sensitive films and innovating micro-nano fabrication processes will overcome these bottlenecks. Lastly, the future development directions of multichannel fiber optic SPR sensors from principle, structure, and material aspects are discussed.

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Electrically tunable optical fiber device based on hollow-core fiber infiltrated with liquid crystal

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Highly Modulated In-Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based on an Ultracompact Leaky-Guided Liquid Core

Highly Modulated In-Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based on an Ultracompact Leaky-Guided Liquid Core

Numerical Studies on Antiresonant Waveguide Assisted Metasurface and Its Application

Multichannel Fiber Optic SPR Sensors: Realization Methods, Application Status, and Future Prospects

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