Electricity Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of Poultry Litter Co-Combustion Process

Qian, Xuejun; Lee, Seong; Chandrasekaran, Raghul; Yang, Yulai; Caballes, Marc J Louise; Alamu, Oludayo; Chen, Guangming

doi:10.3390/app9194116

Cited by 45 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions originating from poultry litter account for 27% of the total atmospheric NH 3 emissions in the United States [1]. The United States produces approximately 12.6 tons of poultry litter every year, assuming 1.4 tons of litter is produced per 1,000 birds [2,3]. Moore et al [4] estimated the total NH 3 loss from poultry production to be 46 g NH 3 per broiler.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a New Manure Amendment on Ammonia Emissions from Poultry Litter

Anderson¹,

Moore

Martin

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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Treating manure with aluminum sulfate (alum) is a best management practice (BMP) which reduces ammonia (NH3) emissions and phosphorus (P) runoff from poultry litter. However, the price of alum has increased markedly in recent years, creating a need for less expensive products to control NH3 volatilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new litter amendment made from alum mud, bauxite, and sulfuric acid (alum mud litter amendment or AMLA) on NH3 emissions, litter chemistry, and poultry production in a pen trial. Three separate flocks of 1000 broilers were used for this study. The first flock of birds was used to produce the poultry litter needed for the experiment. The second and third flocks of birds were allocated to 20 pens in a randomized block design with four replicates of five treatments: (1) control, (2) 49 kg AMLA/100 m2 incorporated, (3) 98 kg AMLA/100 m2 incorporated, (4) 98 kg AMLA/100 m2 surface applied, and (5) 98 kg alum/100 m2 incorporated. Ammonia flux measurements and litter samples were collected from each pen at day 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. The average litter pH for both flocks was higher in untreated litter (7.92) compared to incorporating alum (7.32) or AMLA (7.18). The two flocks’ average NH4-N concentrations at day 42 were 38% and 30% higher for the high rates of incorporated alum and AMLA compared to the untreated litter. Compared with untreated litter, AMLA reduced overall NH3 emissions by 27% to 52% which was not significantly different from reductions in emissions by alum (35%). Alum mud litter amendment reduced cumulative NH3 losses from litter as much as, and in some cases more than, alum applied at the same rate. These data indicate that AMLA, which can be manufactured for lower price than alum, is an effective alternative litter amendment for reducing NH3 emissions from poultry litter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research investigating the combustion process of poultry litter has found that combusting biomass waste (poultry litter) with fossil fuels (coal, natural gas etc.) known as co-combustion, can reduce emissions [2,28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a New Manure Amendment on Ammonia Emissions from Poultry Litter

Anderson¹,

Moore

Martin

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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“…For example, between the heater -expansion spaces, during the flow from the expansion space the temperature is lower, and during the flow from the heater, the temperature is higher and corresponds to that in the heater. On this basis, the adiabatic work has been calculated (19) and, after taking pumping loss (22) into account the net adiabatic work (23) has been also calculated. For further considerations regarding the impact of selected design features of the system on the efficiency and power, the authors decided to use the simplified characteristics of the regenerator effectiveness taking into account only the effect of charge pressure:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The net adiabatic work corresponding to indicated work, is a difference of the work calculated for the evaluated pressure change (19) and the pumping loss (22):…”

Section: Of 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Qian et al [19] carried out tests on a beta type Stirling engine powered by a mixture of fuels: poultry litter and natural gas, showing that it is possible to use moderate temperature heat sources (cylinder head temperature: 220-584 • C) in a commercial engine, which was designed for high temperatures heat sources. In addition, it was shown that there is a noticeable influence of the water flow rate supplying cooling system on electrical power produced by the Stirling engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Moderate Temperature Alfa Type Stirling Engines

Kropiwnicki

Furmanek

2020

Energies

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The Stirling engine is a device that allows conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy with relatively high efficiency. Existing commercial designs are mainly based on the usage of high temperature heat sources, whose availability from renewable or waste heat sources is significantly lower than that of moderate temperature sources. The paper presents the results of experimental research on a prototype alpha type Stirling engine powered by a moderate temperature source of heat. Obtained results enabled calibration of the evaluated theoretical model of the Stirling engine. The model of the engine has been subsequently used for the analysis of regenerator effectiveness influenced by the charge pressure and the heating temperature. Performed study allowed to determine further development directions of the prototype engine to improve its power and efficiency. As a result of optimization, worked out design will potentially increase the indicated efficiency up to 19.5% (5.5% prototype) and the indicated power up to 369 W (114 W prototype).

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Biofuel characteristics and combustion emissions of poultry litter and lignocellulosic biomass

Özdemir

Demir

2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Broiler chicken industry generate different kinds of organic wastes mainly poultry litters (PL), which presenting high energy potential, but significant incineration burdens due to the mineral compositions. In the present study, the combustion potential of PL and locally available biomass co‐combustion candidates were evaluated based on proximate, ultimate, ash constitute, and exhaust gas emission. High heating values measured for PL samples were in the range of 13.5–14.6 MJ/kg and low heating values were 12.9–13.6 MJ/kg, respectively. The ultimate analysis result of PL was as follows; C (46.5 ± 1.3%), O (44.8 ± 0.7%), H (3.6 ± 0.3%), N (3.9 ± 0.3%), and S (0.9 ± 0.1%). Ash deposit challenging minerals were abundant in PL, in contrasting to the lignocellulosic biomass; wood residue (WR), hazelnut shell (HS), corn stalk (CS), and giant reed (GR), which can serve mitigation potential. High nitrogen and sulfur concentrations in PL had significantly increased the NOx and SO2 emissions but confirming related standards. Despite the high exhaust gas and ash emissions, the energy recovery practices of PL co‐combustion with lignocellulosic biomas allow environmentally safe management option for PL.

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Electricity Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of Poultry Litter Co-Combustion Process

Cited by 45 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of a New Manure Amendment on Ammonia Emissions from Poultry Litter

Effect of a New Manure Amendment on Ammonia Emissions from Poultry Litter

A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Moderate Temperature Alfa Type Stirling Engines

Biofuel characteristics and combustion emissions of poultry litter and lignocellulosic biomass

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