Electro-kinetic remediation of chromium-contaminated soil by a three-dimensional electrode coupled with a permeable reactive barrier

Abstract

Electro-kinetic remediation of Cr-contaminated soil by three-dimensional electrode coupled with a permeable reactive barrier.

Effect of chemical additives on electrokinetic remediation of Cr-contaminated soil coupled with a permeable reactive barrier

“…The current was proportional to the number of free ions, i.e. OH − and H + , coming from the electrolysis reaction and the soluble salts and heavy metal ions released from the soil [27]. Therefore, the increase of current was due to more free ions and continuous release of metal ions from soil [22].…”

“…Xue et al . successfully remediated the Cr-contaminated soil by using zeolite and zero-valent iron as a reactive media in PRB [27]. Zhang et al .…”

“…Compared with simple EKR, the EKR coupled with PRB technology brings better efficiency and has been widely used for remediation of heavy metalcontaminated soils. Xue et al successfully remediated the Cr-contaminated soil by using zeolite and zero-valent iron as a reactive media in PRB [27]. Zhang et al effectively removed the Cr(VI) after using a calcined-hydrotalcite-based reactive material for treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil [28].…”

Enhanced copper removal from contaminated kaolinite soil by electrokinetic process using compost reactive filter media

“…Some enhancement agents may not be practical for the removal of heavy metals [19], and their application in full-scale EK remediation may often be unsuccessful [5,19]. Besides the enhancement agents, there are hybrid techniques to extract the heavy metals, such as EK-phytoremediation [20,21], EK-bioremediation [22], and EK remediation coupled with a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) [23,24]. However, among these combined techniques, PRB can facilitate the removal of heavy metals with a short operation period and prevents the contamination of the catholyte solution [23,25], which make the technique cost-effective.…”

“…To overcome the limitations of existing approaches using chemical agents in EK process, a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) made of activated carbon (AC), activated bamboo charcoal, and zero-valent iron [23,24,26,27] have been used, which have shown better performance compared with the conventional EK process. However, their application would be restricted due to their cost, availability, and especially life cycle.…”