Electro-optic lithium niobate metasurfaces

Gao, Bofeng; Ren, Mengxin; Wu, Wei; Cai, Wei; Xu, Jingjun

doi:10.1007/s11433-021-1668-y

Cited by 51 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…For the practical application of our proposed device, the patterns in the phase change material will be fixed unless one wants to rewrite the structure to change its working wavelength. And the dynamic electro-optical modulation or nonlinear effects can be realized by the LN, whose intrinsic response can be as fast as

and previous work has demonstrated LN modulators up to 100 GHz [ 50 ]. Represented by

, other ultra-low loss of PCMs in the near infrared, such as

[ 40 ] or

(GSST) [ 70 ], can also be applied to combining with LN, makes it possible to realize a new family of high Q resonant metasurfaces for active nanophotonic devices with widespread applications including optical switches, light modulation, dynamic beam steering, optical phased array, optical artificial network and so on.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lithium niobate (

, LN) is one of the most important synthetic crystals and has been dubbed as the “silicon of photonics” for its excellent properties such as relatively high refractive index, wide transparent window, low absorption losses, large nonlinear optical coefficient, outstanding electro-optical response, good temperature stability and others [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Particularly, with the progress in thin-film LN on insulator, it has emerged as promising platform for ultracompact photonic devices, such as low-loss waveguides [ 44 , 45 ], high Q resonators [ 46 , 47 , 48 ], metasurfaces [ 49 , 50 ], optical modulators [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ], and second harmonic generation [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. However, LN’s high hardness and inactive chemical properties make its processing difficult, which severely limits its application in nano-devices and integrated optics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Q Resonant Sb2S3-Lithium Niobate Metasurface for Active Nanophotonics

Meng

Chen

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Phase change materials (PCMs) are attracting more and more attentions as enabling materials for tunable nanophotonics. They can be processed into functional photonic devices through customized laser writing, providing great flexibility for fabrication and reconfiguration. Lithium Niobate (LN) has excellent nonlinear and electro-optical properties, but is difficult to process, which limits its application in nanophotonic devices. In this paper, we combine the emerging low-loss phase change material Sb2S3 with LN and propose a new type of high Q resonant metasurface. Simulation results show that the Sb2S3-LN metasurface has extremely narrow linewidth of 0.096 nm and high quality (Q) factor of 15,964. With LN as the waveguide layer, strong nonlinear properties are observed in the hybrid metasurface, which can be employed for optical switches and isolators. By adding a pair of Au electrodes on both sides of the LN, we can realize dynamic electro-optical control of the resonant metasurface. The ultra-low loss of Sb2S3, and its combination with LN, makes it possible to realize a new family of high Q resonant metasurfaces for actively tunable nanophotonic devices with widespread applications including optical switching, light modulation, dynamic beam steering, optical phased array and so on.

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and previous work has demonstrated LN modulators up to 100 GHz [ 50 ]. Represented by

, other ultra-low loss of PCMs in the near infrared, such as

[ 40 ] or

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lithium niobate (

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Q Resonant Sb2S3-Lithium Niobate Metasurface for Active Nanophotonics

Meng

Chen

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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“…A radio-frequency bias Refs. [24][25][26]) despite their commonalities illustrated in Fig. 1 a and b.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Gigahertz free-space electro-optic modulators based on Mie resonances

Benea-Chelmus,

Mason,

Meretska

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Electro-optic modulators from non-linear χ (2) materials are essential for sensing, metrology and telecommunications because they link the optical domain with the microwave domain. At present, most geometries are suited for fiber applications. In contrast, architectures that modulate directly free-space light at gigahertz (GHz) speeds have remained very challenging, despite their dire need for active free-space optics, in diffractive computing or for optoelectronic feedback to free-space emitters. They are typically bulky or suffer from much reduced interaction lengths. Here, we employ an ultrathin array of sub-wavelength Mie resonators that support quasi bound states in the continuum (BIC) as a key mechanism to demonstrate electro-optic modulation of free-space light with high efficiency at GHz speeds. Our geometry relies on hybrid silicon-organic nanostructures that feature low loss (Q = 550 at λ res = 1594 nm) while being integrated with GHz-compatible coplanar waveguides. We maximize the electro-optic effect by using high-performance electro-optic molecules (whose electro-optic tensor we engineer in-device to exploit r 33 = 100 pm/V) and by nanoscale optimization of the optical modes. We demonstrate both DC tuning and high speed modulation up to 5 GHz (f EO,−3 dB = 3 GHz) and shift the resonant frequency of the quasi-BIC by ∆λ res =11 nm, surpassing its linewidth. We contrast the properties of quasi-BIC modulators by studying also guided mode resonances that we tune by ∆λ res =20 nm. Our approach showcases the potential for ultrathin GHz-speed free-space electro-optic modulators.

show abstract

“…less (few examples are Refs. [25][26][27][28]) despite their commonalities illustrated in Fig. 1 a and b.…”

Section: Intensity Out δω Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gigahertz free-space electro-optic modulators based on Mie resonances

Benea-Chelmus

Mason

Meretska

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electro-optic modulators from non-linear χ(2) materials are essential for sensing, metrology and telecommunications because they link the optical domain with the microwave domain. At present, most geometries are suited for fiber applications. In contrast, architectures that modulate directly free-space light at gigahertz (GHz) speeds have remained very challenging, despite their dire need for active free-space optics, in diffractive computing or for optoelectronic feedback to free-space emitters. They are typically bulky or suffer from much reduced interaction lengths. Here, we employ an ultrathin array of sub-wavelength Mie resonators that support quasi bound states in the continuum (BIC) as a key mechanism to demonstrate electro-optic modulation of free-space light with high efficiency at GHz speeds. Our geometry relies on hybrid silicon-organic nanostructures that feature low loss (Q = 550 at λres = 1594 nm) while being integrated with GHz-compatible coplanar waveguides. We maximize the electro-optic effect by using high-performance electro-optic molecules (whose electro-optic tensor we engineer in-device to exploit r33 = 100 pm/V) and by nanoscale optimization of the optical modes. We demonstrate both DC tuning and high speed modulation up to 5 GHz (fEO,-3 dB = 3 GHz) and shift the resonant frequency of the quasi-BIC by Δλres =11 nm, surpassing its linewidth. We contrast the properties of quasi-BIC modulators by studying also guided mode resonances that we tune by Δλres=20 nm. Our approach showcases the potential for ultrathin GHz-speed free-space electro-optic modulators.

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Electro-optic lithium niobate metasurfaces

Cited by 51 publications

References 67 publications

High Q Resonant Sb2S3-Lithium Niobate Metasurface for Active Nanophotonics

High Q Resonant Sb2S3-Lithium Niobate Metasurface for Active Nanophotonics

Gigahertz free-space electro-optic modulators based on Mie resonances

Gigahertz free-space electro-optic modulators based on Mie resonances

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