Electro-optic sensor for static fields

Grasdijk, Jan; Bai, Xian–Xu; Engin, Ilhan; Jungmann, K.; Krause, Hans‐Joachim; Niederländer, B.; Offenhäuser, A.; Repetto, M.; Willmann, Lorenz; Zimmer, S.

doi:10.1007/s00340-019-7326-5

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Measurements of DC fields have been performed for decades [93,111,149], but mostly no clear estimation of long-term stability was done. Commercial devices that can measure DC fields in a dedicated way do not exist until today [108]. One reason for the difficulties in measuring DC fields are the dielectric relaxation effects in the electro-optical crystal found by Garzarella et al [150].…”

Section: Measurement Systems For Ac Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One reason for the difficulties in measuring DC fields are the dielectric relaxation effects in the electro-optical crystal found by Garzarella et al [150]. Grasdijk et al [108] demonstrated that the relaxation process can extend from a scale of seconds to hours by minimizing the crystal's temperature dependence using LN (Y-Cut). However, the authors also emphasized that temperature stabilization (∆T < 0.2 K) is essential for long-term DC measurements.…”

Section: Measurement Systems For Ac Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such systems are almost exclusively used in the scientific field for highly accurate measurements of AC fields with minimal distortion of the field [107]. The literature focusing on the measurement of DC fields states that very accurate temperature control (<0.2 K) is necessary to achieve stable measurements [105,108,109]. Additionally, without knowledge of the strength of the DC field, direct measurement of combined DC and AC fields is not possible, as the DC field affects the sensitivity of the AC measurement [110].…”

Section: Electro-optical Sensors 241 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on sensors for electric fields near power transmission systems

Hortschitz,

Kainz,

Beigelbeck

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Due to the necessary transition to renewable energy, the transport of electricity over long distances will become increasingly important, since the sites of sustainable electricity generation, such as wind or solar power parks, and the place of consumption can be very far apart. Currently, electricity is mainly transported via overhead AC lines. However, studies have shown that for long distances, transport via DC offers decisive advantages. To make optimal use of the existing route infrastructure, simultaneous AC and DC, or hybrid transmission, should be employed. The resulting electric field strengths must not exceed legally prescribed thresholds to avoid potentially harmful effects on humans and the environment. However, accurate quantification of the resulting electric fields is a major challenge in this context, as they can be easily distorted (e.g., by the measurement equipment itself). Nonetheless knowledge of the undisturbed field strengths from DC up to several multiples of the fundamental frequency of the power-grid (up to 1\,kHz) is required to ensure compliance with the thresholds. Both AC and DC electric fields can result in the generation of corona ions in the vicinity of the line. In the case of pure AC fields, the corona ions generated typically recombine in the immediate vicinity of the line and, therefore, have no influence on the field measurement further away. Unfortunately, this assumption does not hold for DC fields and hybrid fields, where corona ions can be transported far away from the line (e.g., by wind), and potentially interact with the measurement equipment yielding incorrect measurement results. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art technologies and methods which have been developed to address the problems of measuring the electric field near hybrid power lines.

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