Electro-Optical System Analysis and Design: A Radiometry Perspective

Willers, Cornelius J.

doi:10.1117/3.1001964

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…The normalisation constant was experimentally chosen such that energy is conserved. This formulation found to be physical plausible is different from the formulations given in other publications such as by Lewis [62], Lafortune [63], Dutré et al [3] and Willers [64]. The s+2 normalisation (s is the specular exponent) given here ensures energy conservation even for specular exponents smaller than five.…”

Section: The Phong Brdfcontrasting

confidence: 55%

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Light Beam Tracing for Multi-Bounce Specular and Glossy Transport Paths

Duvenhage

Bouatouch

Kourie

2014

Proceedings of the Southern African Institute for Computer Scientist and Information Technologists Annual Conference 2014 on SA

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Section: The Phong Brdfcontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Willers [64] shows formulations of diffuse, specular, Phong and what is effectively the general Torrance-Sparrow BRDFs. The formulas he gives are shown in Table 10.7.…”

Section: Mirror-like Specularmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Beam Tracing for Multi-Bounce Specular and Glossy Transport Paths

Duvenhage

Bouatouch

Kourie

2014

Proceedings of the Southern African Institute for Computer Scientist and Information Technologists Annual Conference 2014 on SA

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“…This relationship is useful when validating the measurement method using a simple detector where NEP or D* is provided by the manufacturer. The NEI-NEP relationship 13 where Ad is the detector area, and ∆f is the bandwidth.…”

Section: Noise Equivalent Irradiancementioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring noise equivalent irradiance of a digital short-wave infrared imaging system using a broadband source to simulate the night spectrum

Green¹,

Robinson

2015

SPIE Proceedings

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There is a growing interest in developing helmet-mounted digital imaging systems (HMDIS) for integration into military aircraft cockpits. This interest stems from the multiple advantages of digital vs. analog imaging such as image fusion from multiple sensors, data processing to enhance the image contrast, superposition of non-imaging data over the image, and sending images to remote location for analysis.There are several properties an HMDIS must have in order to aid the pilot during night operations. In addition to the resolution, image refresh rate, dynamic range, and sensor uniformity over the entire Focal Plane Array (FPA); the imaging system must have the sensitivity to detect the limited night light available filtered through cockpit transparencies. Digital sensor sensitivity is generally measured monochromatically using a laser with a wavelength near the peak detector quantum efficiency, and is generally reported as either the Noise Equivalent Power (NEP) or Noise Equivalent Irradiance (NEI).This paper proposes a test system that measures NEI of Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) digital imaging systems using a broadband source that simulates the night spectrum. This method has a few advantages over a monochromatic method. Namely, the test conditions provide spectrum closer to what is experienced by the end-user, and the resulting NEI may be compared directly to modeled night glow irradiance calculation. This comparison may be used to assess the Technology Readiness Level of the imaging system for the application. The test system is being developed under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the Air Force Research Laboratory.

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“…Equa− tion (6) features a simplified form, which does not take into account several additional aspects of laser rangefinding, like atmospheric turbulence [11], size of the target in relation to laser spot, target inclination in relation to laser beam axis, real bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the target [12] and finally geometrical throughput be− tween transmitted laser light and detector's field of viewfactor connected with overlap function and aberrations. Optical echo signal captured by the detector is trans− formed into electrical current in its following circuitry, which is then amplified and digitized for further processing.…”

Section: Aberration Sensitive Rangefinder Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beam forming optic aberrations’ impact on maximum range of semiconductor laser based rangefinders

Wojtanowski

Zygmunt

Traczyk

et al. 2014

Opto-Electronics Review

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Miniature rangefinding modules based on pulsed semiconductor laser technology are becoming more and more popular components of a variety of modern optoelectronics devices where precise, fast and eye-safe range estimation is needed. Current trends associated with minimization of both physical dimensions and cost of such modules lead to the design approach relying on exact meeting the requirements of a given application, concerning the spatial resolution and especially the maximum range. Optical components of a rangefinder cover a substantial part of its cost and determine its overall dimensions, but primarily — the indigenous parameters of the transmitter and receiver trains are crucial for the maximum measurable range. The quantitative analysis of transmitter optics aberrational characteristics impact on signal-to-noise ratio range dependence and thus the maximum range of a laser rangefinder is presented in the paper. Modern optical fabrication technology offers a huge range of solutions, changing in imaging/projecting characteristics which implies the price level as well. Rangefinder optics has a very specific task which sometimes makes it unreasonable to fight for the diffraction limited performance. The article provides the approach how to determine the acceptable level of optical aberrations which still does not degrade the measurable range significantly.

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Electro-Optical System Analysis and Design: A Radiometry Perspective

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Light Beam Tracing for Multi-Bounce Specular and Glossy Transport Paths

Light Beam Tracing for Multi-Bounce Specular and Glossy Transport Paths

Measuring noise equivalent irradiance of a digital short-wave infrared imaging system using a broadband source to simulate the night spectrum

Beam forming optic aberrations’ impact on maximum range of semiconductor laser based rangefinders

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