Electroactive barium titanate coated titanium scaffold improves osteogenesis and osseointegration with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for large segmental bone defects

Abstract

For large segmental bone defects, porous titanium scaffolds have some advantages, however, they lack electrical activity which hinders their further use. In this study, a barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) piezoelectric ceramic was used to modify the surface of a porous Ti6Al4V scaffold (pTi), which was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and roughness and water contact angle analyses. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) was applied in vitro and in vivo study. The activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, including adhesion, proliferation, and gene expression, was significantly superior in the BaTiO 3 /pTi, pTi + LIPUS, and BaTiO 3 /pTi + LIPUS groups than in the pTi group. The activity was also higher in the BaTiO 3 /pTi + LIPUS group than in the BaTiO 3 /pTi and pTi + LIPUS groups. Additionally, micro-computed tomography, the mineral apposition rate, histomorphology, and the peak pull-out load showed that these scaffold conditions significantly enhanced osteogenesis and osseointegration 6 and 12 weeks after implantation in large segmental bone defects in the radius of rabbits compared with those resulting from the pTi condition. Consequently, the improved osteogenesis and osseointegration make the BaTiO 3 /pTi + LIPUS a promising method to promote bone regeneration in large segmental bone defects for clinical application.

Structural and Material Determinants Influencing the Behavior of Porous Ti and Its Alloys Made by Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Biomedical Applications

“…The ALP activity was also higher in the BaTiO 3 /Ti + LIPUS group than in the BaTiO 3 /Ti and Ti + LIPUS groups. The results were in line with the in vivo experiments of implantation in large segmental bone defects in the radius of rabbits, where osteogenesis and osseointegration at 6 and 12 weeks after implantation were significantly better for these implants compared to porous Ti condition [193]. Other research groups [175] studied the SLS manufactured Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds filled with hydroxyapatite bioactive matrix.…”

Osteoconductive and Osteoinductive Surface Modifications of Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration: A Concise Review

“…The piezoelectric ceramics, such as barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) [46][47][48], lead-free zirconate titanate derivatives (e.g., (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O 3 ) [49], and lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ) [50], are often applied to promote bone growth, remodeling and regeneration due to their excellent biocompatibility and ability to improve osseointegration. Moreover, the piezoelectric biomaterials may generate a bioelectrical signal influenced by mechanical stress exposure, that may mimic the stress-generated potentials of natural bone.…”

“…This type of biomaterials may also be subjected to electrical stimulation or ultrasound to promote bone healing [25]. Fan et al [46] used BaTiO 3 to modify the surface of Ti scaffold. Applied modification supported adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of rabbit BMDSCs in vitro and increased new bone formation in vivo by enhancing osteogenesis and osseointegration.…”

Simultaneous incorporation of PTH(1–34) and nano-hydroxyapatite into Chitosan/Alginate Hydrogels for efficient bone regeneration

“…Bone defects resulting from congenital bone diseases, severe limb trauma, bone tumors, and infectious diseases cause major problems for patients and reduce their quality of life [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. Unfortunately, the treatment of bone defects via conventional surgical operations is hindered by the limited transplantation materials [ [4] , [5] , [6] [4] , [5] , [6] [4] , [5] , [6] ].…”