Electroactive Paper Materials Coated With Carbon Nanotubes and Conducting Polymers

Abstract

Electro-Active Paper (EAPap) materials based on cellulose are attractive for many applications because of their low voltage operation, lightweight, dryness, low power consumption, bio-degradable. The construction of EAPap actuator has been achieved using the cellulose paper film coated with thin electrode layers. This actuator showed a reversible and reproducible bending movement. In order to improve both force and displacement of this, EAPap actuator efforts are made to construct the device using increasing number of complementary conducting polymer layers and carbon nanotubes. A hybrid EAPap actuator is developed using single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT)/Polyaniline (PANi) electrodes, as a replacement to gold electrodes. It is expected that the use of CNT can enhance the stiffness of the tri-layered actuator, thus improving the force output. Furthermore, the presence of the CNT may increase the actuation performance of the EAPap material. CNT is dispersed in NMP(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidine), and the resulting solution is used as a solvent for PANi. The CNT/PANi/NMP solution is then cast on the EAPap by spin coating. The coated EAPap is dried in an oven. The effect of processing parameters on the final performance of the CNT/PANi electrodes is assessed. The final performance of the electrodes is quantified in terms of the electrical conductivity under dc and ac measurement conditions. The actuation output of the CNT/PANi/EAPap samples is tested in an environmental chamber in terms of free displacement and blocked force. The performance of the hybrid actuators is also investigated in terms of frequency, voltage, humidity and temperature to help shed light on the mechanism responsible for actuation. Comparison of these results in that of the EAPap with PANi and gold electrodes are also accomplished. EAPap materials are bio-degradable that is important property for artificial muscle actuators for biomimetic with controlled properties and shape.

Nanocarbon based ionic actuators—a review

“…CNT/PANI actuators were also prepared in combination with cellulose-based electroactive paper (EAPap) [119][120][121][122]. Such hybrid bending actuator was prepared by spin coating of sonicated suspension of PANI and SWNTs [119,120] or MWNTs [121,122] on both sides of EAPap.…”

“…CNT/PANI actuators were also prepared in combination with cellulose-based electroactive paper (EAPap) [119][120][121][122]. Such hybrid bending actuator was prepared by spin coating of sonicated suspension of PANI and SWNTs [119,120] or MWNTs [121,122] on both sides of EAPap. MWNTs and PANI emeraldine salt [121] or base [122] were coated on the EAPap to improve the actuation performance, i.e., to increase the force output and the actuation frequency of the bending EAPap actuator.…”

Wider Potential Windows of Cellulose Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Fibers Leading to Qualitative Multifunctional Changes in an Organic Electrolyte

“…The material is regenerated in an anti-solvent, for which water is in most cases applied [6]. Cell-CNT fiber composites can find applications in sensors [7], supercapacitors [8], other energy storage devices [9], smart textiles [10], and actuators [11,12]. The combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose with wax/halloysite hybrid microspheres formed nanocomposite films showing potential applications in heat and energy storage [13].…”