Electroacupuncture Pretreatment Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Increasing GSK-3β Phosphorylation Level via Adenosine A1 Receptor

Abstract

Objective. To observe the effect of adenosine A1 receptor in the hippocampus of mice on GSK-3β phosphorylation level and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of electroacupuncture pretreatment by activating A1 receptor mediating cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury. Method. e model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established and grouped into electroacupuncture pretreatment group (EA group), MCAO group, and sham-operated group (Sham group). e neurobehavioral manifestation, the volume of cerebral infarction, and its related protein changes in mice in each group were observed. en, adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and agonist were injected intraperitoneally to observe the effects of A1 receptor on the phosphorylation level of GSK-3β, neurobehavioral changes, and infarction volume. Results. (1) Compared with the MCAO group (24 hours after reperfusion), the infarct size in the EA group decreased significantly, and the Garcia neurological score and phosphorylation level of GSK-3β are increased. (2) Compared with the EA group, the infarct size in the A1 receptor antagonist 8cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) group increased significantly, and the Garcia neurological score and phosphorylation level of GSK-3β are decreased. (3) Compared with the MCAO group, the infarct size in the A1 receptor agonist 2-Chloro-N6cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) group decreased significantly, and the Garcia neurological score and phosphorylation level of GSK-3β are increased. ere was no significant difference between the EA group and CCPA group. Conclusions. Electroacupuncture pretreatment can increase GSK-3β phosphorylation level via activating A1 receptor, to protect neurons in ischemiareperfusion injury.

DCA Protects against Oxidation Injury Attributed to Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion by Regulating Glycolysis through PDK2‐PDH‐Nrf2 Axis

“…In addition, the humanistic care was carried out according to the animal experiment guidelines of Wenzhou Medical University. The researchers carried out the transient MCAO model of mice by occluding MCA [ 21 ]. In terms of sham-operated mice, the isolation was conducted on the right common and external carotid artery, whereas there was no MCA ligation.…”

The Impact of Electroacupuncture Early Intervention on the Brain Lipidome in a Mouse Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

“…The electroacupuncture treatment was performed 24 h after the mSPS according to previous studies, with some modifications (Zheng et al, 2019;Geng et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2021). Briefly, mice were positioned in the induction case (a rectangular observation box) with 2.0 × MAC (minimum alveolar concentration, MAC) isoflurane for the initial 3 min for deep anesthetized condition, and then they were moved to the EA operating platform and maintained with 1.5 MAC isoflurane via nose mask.…”

The Impact of Electroacupuncture Early Intervention on the Brain Lipidome in a Mouse Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

“…The electroacupuncture treatment method was as described previously [43]. Mice were anesthetized with iso urane (1.5 × minimum alveolar concentration) during EA stimulation and the "Bai hui" acupoint (GV20), which is located at the intersection of the sagittal midline and the line linking the ears, was stimulated for 30 min daily at a frequency of 2/15 Hz and an intensity of 1 mA (waveform: dilatational wave) with a G6805-2 electric acupuncture apparatus (No.…”