Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate: Fundamentals to full-scale water treatment applications

Garcia‐Segura, Sergi; Lanzarini-Lopes, Mariana; Hristovski, Kiril; Westerhoff, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.05.041

Cited by 836 publications

(643 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…During the electrochemical reduction process of NO 3 À in neutral solution, as illustrated by equations (2) and 3, the surface-adsorbed hydrogen atom (H (ads) ) generated from water molecule (H 2 O) can be captured by the fabricated catalyst. [72,73] Two H (ads) atoms can produce a H 2 molecule (equation (3)) via the Tafel and/or Heyrovsky reaction processes, thus facilitating the NO 3 À reduction due to a strong reduction atmosphere provided by H (ads) and H 2 . [72,74] Then, the subsequent reduction processes can be achieved by means of equations (4)-(9), so nitrate will finally convert to NH 4…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Porous Configurated Ni₂P/Ni Foam Catalyst and its Boosted Properties for pH‐universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Efficient Nitrate Reduction

et al. 2020

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Nickel phosphide (Ni 2 P) has been widely explored toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for desirable durability and high performance. Tuning the electronic structures and morphologies of Ni 2 P plays a pivotal role in the improvement of HER performance. In this work, three Ni 2 P catalysts were fabricated by different strategies and their HER properties were compared. It was found that the bicontinuous porous structured Ni 2 P on Ni foam (Ni 2 P /NFÀ EHP) prepared using coupled electroless nickel-phosphorus (NiÀ P) plating, hydrothermal synthesis and low temperature phosphorization techniques, exhibits the best catalytic activity and a wide pH adaptability. The overpotential at 10 mA cm À 2 and Tafel slope are 78 mV and 33 mV dec À 1 in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 , those in 1 M PBS are 125 mV and 93 mV dec À 1 , and 101 mV and 76 mV dec À 1 in 1 M KOH. Additionally, the Ni 2 P/NFÀ EHP-catalyzed HER process is also applicable for nitrate reduction with a remarkable removal efficiency of 92.6 %. This catalyst also exhibits a desirable durability both in HER and nitrate reduction. This work offers an efficient strategy to exploit compatible pH-universal HER catalysts, explores the engineering application of HER process in nitrate reduction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Porous Configurated Ni₂P/Ni Foam Catalyst and its Boosted Properties for pH‐universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Efficient Nitrate Reduction

et al. 2020

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“…This is because the increase of the

{NO}_{3}^{-} - N

initial concentration resulted in the increased formation of

{NO}_{2}^{-} - N

and

{NH}_{4}^{+} - N

(Figure , Supporting Information). The increased amount of byproducts (

{NO}_{2}^{-} - N

and

{NH}_{4}^{+} - N

) will compete with the adsorption of

{NO}_{3}^{-} - N

(Garcia‐Segura, Lanzarini‐Lopes, Hristovski, & Westerhoff, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical behaviors and influence factors of copper and copper alloys cathode for electrocatalytic nitrate removal

Zhang

Yin

Zhai

et al. 2019

Water Environment Research

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The electrocatalytic activities of a series of copper alloys, Cu/Ni/Zn (Cu60Ni15Zn25) and Cu/Zn (Cu62Zn38), toward the reduction of nitrate were investigated, in comparison with that of pure copper. Electrochemical analysis showed that the copper alloy electrode exhibited higher electrochemical reduction rate of nitrate. The extreme difference (R) between the orthogonal experiments revealed that the NO3--N concentration was the main determinant of the removal percentage, followed by the current density and electrolyte concentration, while the impact of the initial pH was minimal. The conditions of the electrolysis experiments with Cu/Ni/Zn and Cu/Zn cathodes were optimized as follows: a current density of 8 mA/cm2, a NaCl concentration of 2.0 g/L, and an initial pH of 3.0. The nitrate reduction reaction process with copper alloy cathodes was confirmed by electrochemical analysis and electrolysis experiments. Therefore, copper alloyed with Zn and Ni is a feasible option for practical application to the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate. Practitioner points Alloy of Cu, Zn, and Ni improved electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate was confirmed in the presence of NaCl. The optimized current density with copper alloy cathodes was 6 mA/cm2. A feasible strategy was provided for the improving nitrate removal and minimizing by‐products.

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“…During the change of applied voltage from 0.05 to −0.95 V, the m / z signals of 46, 30, 33, 17 that correspond to NO 2 , NO, NH 2 OH, and NH 3 , respectively, appeared during continuous four cycles. Based on the results of DEMS, the reaction pathway of nitrate electroreduction could be deduced and the free energy of every intermediate over Cu and Cu/Cu 2 O were calculated (Figure c). The structural models used in this work are shown in the Supporting Information, Figures S18, S19.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Activity Origin of a Copper‐based Electrocatalyst for Selective Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia

et al. 2020

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Unveiling the active phase of catalytic materials under reaction conditions is important for the construction of efficient electrocatalysts for selective nitrate reduction to ammonia. The origin of the prominent activity enhancement for CuO (Faradaic efficiency: 95.8 %, Selectivity: 81.2 %) toward selective nitrate electroreduction to ammonia was probed. 15N isotope labeling experiments showed that ammonia originated from nitrate reduction. 1H NMR spectroscopy and colorimetric methods were performed to quantify ammonia. In situ Raman and ex situ experiments revealed that CuO was electrochemically converted into Cu/Cu2O, which serves as an active phase. The combined results of online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and DFT calculations demonstrated that the electron transfer from Cu2O to Cu at the interface could facilitate the formation of *NOH intermediate and suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction, leading to high selectivity and Faradaic efficiency.

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Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate: Fundamentals to full-scale water treatment applications

Cited by 836 publications

References 197 publications

Fabrication of Porous Configurated Ni₂P/Ni Foam Catalyst and its Boosted Properties for pH‐universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Efficient Nitrate Reduction

Fabrication of Porous Configurated Ni₂P/Ni Foam Catalyst and its Boosted Properties for pH‐universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Efficient Nitrate Reduction

Electrochemical behaviors and influence factors of copper and copper alloys cathode for electrocatalytic nitrate removal

Unveiling the Activity Origin of a Copper‐based Electrocatalyst for Selective Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia

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Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate: Fundamentals to full-scale water treatment applications

Cited by 836 publications

References 197 publications

Fabrication of Porous Configurated Ni2P/Ni Foam Catalyst and its Boosted Properties for pH‐universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Efficient Nitrate Reduction

Fabrication of Porous Configurated Ni2P/Ni Foam Catalyst and its Boosted Properties for pH‐universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Efficient Nitrate Reduction

Electrochemical behaviors and influence factors of copper and copper alloys cathode for electrocatalytic nitrate removal

Unveiling the Activity Origin of a Copper‐based Electrocatalyst for Selective Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia

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Fabrication of Porous Configurated Ni₂P/Ni Foam Catalyst and its Boosted Properties for pH‐universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Efficient Nitrate Reduction

Fabrication of Porous Configurated Ni₂P/Ni Foam Catalyst and its Boosted Properties for pH‐universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Efficient Nitrate Reduction