Electrochemical and Mechanical Behavior in Mechanically Robust Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Use in Multifunctional Structural Batteries

Snyder, James F.; Carter, Robert H.; Wetzel, Eric D.

doi:10.1021/cm070213o

Cited by 197 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…15 The resultant structural battery achieved a gravimetric energy density (specific energy) of 35 Wh kg −1 and a tensile modulus of 3.1 GPa. Related studies examined the multifunctional materials themselves, measuring the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of solid polymer electrolytes [16][17][18] and the electrochemical properties of structural carbon materials for use as lithium-insertion anodes. [19][20][21] The layered composite design established for structural batteries was recently used to fabricate structural supercapacitors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Using Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline

Hudak¹,

Schlichting²,

Eisenbeiser³

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Carbon fiber electrodes for structural supercapacitors were modified to achieve increases in specific capacitance and energy density. In cyclic voltammetry tests with a liquid electrolyte, the specific capacitance of a commercial carbon fiber fabric weave was 0.84 F g −1 or lower, depending on the sweep rate. Impregnation of the carbon fiber with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) or electrochemical functionalization of the carbon fiber increased the capacitance to 3 F g −1 . Electrochemical functionalization of the MWCNT-impregnated carbon fiber further increased the capacitance to 7.2 F g −1 . Electrochemical synthesis and deposition of polyaniline on carbon fiber electrodes increased the electrode capacitance to 26 F g −1 . MWCNT and polyaniline were incorporated into structural supercapacitors made of carbon fiber electrodes, glass fiber separator, and poly(ethylene glycol)-based solid polymer electrolyte. Incorporation of MWCNT increased the specific capacitance and energy density 28-fold, to 125 mF g −1 and 17.4 mWh kg −1 , respectively. Mechanical properties were comparable to previously demonstrated structural energy storage devices. Although the specific capacitance of these solid-state supercapacitors was significantly higher than what was previously demonstrated, the energy density, rate capability, and mechanical performance still require significant improvements for multifunctional structural energy storage devices to be competitive with conventional supercapacitors and carbon fiber composites. In multifunctional material systems, two or more functions are performed by the same material, component, or structural unit.1 The goal in the design of such systems is a smaller volume or mass compared to a combination of corresponding monofunctional elements. One of the most common types of multifunctional material systems is structural energy storage, in which a battery, capacitor, or supercapacitor acts as a structural element for the overall system. Various forms of structural energy storage have been described, 2 and these systems have been proposed for application in communications satellites, 3 spacecraft, 4 ground vehicles, 5 and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). 6-9Small UAVs are typically powered by rechargeable batteries and are prime candidates for incorporation of a structural battery, for example as part of a wing or fuselage. Incorporation of structural energy storage can theoretically increase the flight endurance time in small UAVs because of the interdependence of the subsystem weights, amount of available energy, and flight endurance. 7,9 Theoretical analysis by our own group predicted as much as 200% increase in flight endurance when structural batteries are fully incorporated into a small UAV. 9Even modest increases in flight time, such as 10% or 20%, would provide significant benefit because missions are often limited to less than an hour endurance.Much of the previous work on structural energy storage has focused on lithium-ion batteries. Some common approaches are to incorporate commerc...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Using Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline

Hudak¹,

Schlichting²,

Eisenbeiser³

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…One method is to inhibit heat generation by adopting alternative electrolytes, e.g., polymer gel electrolytes and solid-state electrolytes with low ionic conductivities. [71][72][73][74] The other route is to release or absorb the heat before overheating, e.g., employing safety vents, extinguishing agents, or a thermal fuse. [70,[75][76][77][78] Although these related studies showed some effects in thermal protection, they are limited by the passive strategies with significant sacrifices of energy storage performance and irreversible self-protection reactions.…”

Section: Smart Design To Avoid Overheatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices with Self‐Protection and Self‐Adaptation Abilities

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Advanced Materials

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Currently, with booming development and worldwide usage of rechargeable electrochemical energy storage devices, their safety issues, operation stability, service life, and user experience are garnering special attention. Smart and intelligent energy storage devices with self‐protection and self‐adaptation abilities aiming to address these challenges are being developed with great urgency. In this Progress Report, we highlight recent achievements in the field of smart energy storage systems that could early‐detect incoming internal short circuits and self‐protect against thermal runaway. Moreover, intelligent devices that are able to take actions and self‐adapt in response to external mechanical disruption or deformation, i.e., exhibiting self‐healing or shape‐memory behaviors, are discussed. Finally, insights into the future development of smart rechargeable energy storage devices are provided.

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“…Molecular architectures such as comb-like copolymers [15,16], cross-linked polymer networks [17,18], graft copolymers [19][20][21][22], and block copolymers [19,23] have been investigated for use as electrolytes in an attempt to independently tune the structural and transport properties. In many cases immiscibility between the blocks induces microphase separation [24][25][26], producing ordered morphologies on the nanometer length scale [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating polypropylene-poly(ethylene oxide)-polypropylene triblock copolymers as solid polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries

et al. 2014

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Syndiotactic polypropylene-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-syndiotactic polypropylene (PEOP) triblock copolymers were synthesized and solid polymer electrolytes were prepared by mixing with lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI) salt. PEOP formed strongly-segregated morphologies in the absence and presence of LiTFSI. LiTFSI inhibited poly(ethylene oxide) crystallization without affecting polypropylene crystallinity. The conductivity exhibited a non-monotonic dependence on molecular weight (M n ) with a maximum near 20 kg/mol. In contrast, polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) electrolytes exhibit conductivity increasing monotonically with M n , up to a plateau in the high-M n limit. This suggests that non-conducting semi-crystalline microphases interfere with conducting pathways, while non-conducting amorphous microphases formed well-connected conducting pathways.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Electrochemical and Mechanical Behavior in Mechanically Robust Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Use in Multifunctional Structural Batteries

Cited by 197 publications

References 37 publications

Structural Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Using Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline

Structural Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Using Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline

Smart Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices with Self‐Protection and Self‐Adaptation Abilities

Investigating polypropylene-poly(ethylene oxide)-polypropylene triblock copolymers as solid polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries

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