Electrochemical behavior and voltammetric determination of some nitro-substituted benzamide compounds

Abstract

Voltammetric behaviors of six nitro-substituted benzamides, which are potential prodrug candidates for nitroreductase-based cancer therapy, were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical behavior of aromatic nitro (ArNO 2) compounds by CV indicates that compounds involve various reduction/oxidation steps including the formation of aromatic nitro radical, nitroso, hydroxylamine, and amine groups. Applicability of the voltammetric determination of these prodrug candidates was studied by recording their DPVs, carried out in mixed media (Britton Robinson buffer solution + DMF) at various pH values on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE). Results show that the PGE can offer a disposable, low-cost, and sensitive electrochemical determination method for identifying nitro benzamide compounds. Under the experimental conditions, the PGE had a linear response range from 0.5 to 100 µ M 4-nitro-N -(2-nitrophenyl)benzamide (compound 2). This voltammetric procedure indicates that nitro-substituted benzamide drugs can be successfully determined in pharmaceutical samples.

Past and Present of Electrochemical Sensors and Methods for Amphenicol Antibiotic Analysis

“…In most cases CAP (volt)amperometric detection was based on the reduction of the –NO 2 group existing in its structure. Recent reviews emphasized the most important aspects of the electrochemical reduction of N-O containing species [ 123 ], in general, and of nitro-substituted benzamide compounds [ 124 ], in particular. CAP cyclic voltammograms usually exhibited three signals: one situated at more negative potentials, C1, which is generated by the irreversible reduction of the aryl-nitro group to the corresponding hydroxylamine and a pair of redox peaks (A2/C2) observed at less cathodic potential values, which was attributed to the reversible hydroxylamine (–NHOH)/nitroso (–NO) charge transfer equilibrium ( Figure 3 ).…”

Novel voltammetric investigation of dipyridamole at a disposable pencil graphiteelectrode

“…PGEs present good electrochemical characteristics and are cheap, easily commercially available, and simple to use. Thus, in recent years this type of electrode has gained even more applicability in voltammetric analysis of pharmaceutically [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] and biologically [40][41][42][43] important compounds.…”