Electrochemical behavior of negative electrode of lead-acid cells based on reticulated vitreous carbon carrier

Czerwiński, A.; Obrębowski, S.; Kotowski, Jakub; Rogulski, Z.; Skowroński, J. M.; Krawczyk, Piotr; Rozmanowski, Tomasz; Bajsert, M.; Przystałowski, M.; Buczkowska-Biniecka, M.; Jankowska, E.; Baraniak, Marek

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.12.051

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Figure a is a digital photograph of the RVC/Pb current collector (RVC electroplated with Pb onto its surface) showing its high surface area and its suitability for immense reactivity. It can be noticed that the Pb metal coating on RVC further protects it from oxidation in H 2 SO 4 solution Figure b presents an SEM micrograph of the electrodeposited Pb on RVC, showing its 3D reticular structure.…”

Section: Lead–acid Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be noticed that the Pb metal coating on RVC further protects it from oxidation in H 2 SO 4 solution. 317 Figure 37b presents an SEM micrograph of the electrodeposited Pb on RVC, showing its 3D reticular structure. In addition, Figure 37c presents a cross-section of a RVC/Pb filament, revealing the thickness of the uniformly distributed Pb coating up to 10 μm.…”

Section: Carbon As Current Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage

et al. 2022

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Ever-increasing global energy consumption has driven the development of renewable energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) with high electrochemical performance are critical for enabling renewable yet intermittent sources of energy such as solar and wind. In recent years, numerous new battery technologies have been achieved and showed great potential for grid scale energy storage (GSES) applications. However, their practical applications have been greatly impeded due to the gap between the breakthroughs achieved in research laboratories and the industrial applications. In addition, various complex applications call for different battery performances. Matching of diverse batteries to various applications is required to promote practical energy storage research achievement. This review provides indepth discussion and comprehensive consideration in the battery research field for GSES. The overall requirements of battery technologies for practical applications with key parameters are systematically analyzed by generating standards and measures for GSES. We also discuss recent progress and existing challenges for some representative battery technologies with great promise for GSES, including metal-ion batteries, lead−acid batteries, molten-salt batteries, alkaline batteries, redox-flow batteries, metal−air batteries, and hydrogen-gas batteries. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of bringing emerging battery technologies from academia to industry. Our perspectives on the future development of batteries for GSES applications are provided.

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Section: Lead–acid Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon As Current Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage

et al. 2022

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“…During further work, Czerwiński's group built complete cells with collectors based on RVC [48,49]. Plates with the RVC collector look similar to typical plates, but they are thicker (ca.…”

Section: Carbon In Current Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of carbon in lead-acid batteries: a review

Lach

Wróbel

et al. 2019

J Solid State Electrochem

101

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A review presents applications of different forms of elemental carbon in lead-acid batteries. Carbon materials are widely used as an additive to the negative active mass, as they improve the cycle life and charge acceptance of batteries, especially in high-rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC) conditions, which are relevant to hybrid and electric vehicles. Carbon nanostructures and composite materials can also play such a role. The positive active mass additions are generally less beneficial than the negative ones. Carbon can also be applied as a material for reticulated current collectors for both negative and positive plates. This modern technology allows to increase the battery specific energy and active mass utilization. Batteries with such collectors can show improved cycle life, owing to a better active mass mechanical support. Other recent use of carbon in secondary batteries is as supercapacitor electrodes. They can replace the negative plate or be connected in parallel with such a lead plate. These solutions increase the specific power and HRPSoC performance. Presented new carbon-based technologies in a construction of lead-acid batteries can significantly improve their performance and allow a further successful competition with other battery systems.

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“…The electrodes may be flat (two-dimensional solid electrodes) or porous (three-dimensional), either with a horizontal or vertical configuration [ 30 ]. The electrochemical methodology and reactors, especially when equipped with three-dimensional electrodes, have proved to be very efficient to decrease the amounts of metals in aqueous solutions [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ] and have allowed the authors, in a previous study [ 46 ], to obtain a successful depletion of Ni +2 and Co +2 . Considering that the hydrodynamic processes of ions transporting and reducing at reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) three-dimensional cathodes are usually studied under mass-transfer control conditions, the dimensionless analysis is based on (i) the Sherwood number, which takes into account the convective and diffusive mass transports, and (ii) the Reynolds number, which considers the hydrodynamic condition of the flows passing through the RVC three-dimensional electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review

Dell’Era,

Lupi,

Ciro

et al. 2024

Materials

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In this paper, a critical review of results obtained using a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) three-dimensional cathode for the electrochemical depletion of various divalent ions, such as Cu+2, Cd+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Ni+2, and Co+2, often present in wastewater, has been carried out. By analyzing the kinetics and fluid dynamics of the process found in literature, a general dimensionless equation, Sh = f(Re), has been determined, describing a general trend for all the analyzed systems regardless of the geometry, dimensions, and starting conditions. Thus, a map in the log(Sh) vs. log(Re) plane has been reported by characterizing the whole ion electrochemical depletion process and highlighting the existence of a good correlation among all the results. Moreover, because in recent years, the interest in using this three-dimensional cathode material seems to have slowed, the intent is to revive it as a useful tool for metal recovery, recycling processes, and water treatments.

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Electrochemical behavior of negative electrode of lead-acid cells based on reticulated vitreous carbon carrier

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage

Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage

Applications of carbon in lead-acid batteries: a review

Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review

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