The use of 1-methyl-1-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Pyr 14 TFSI) electrolyte in different Li-O 2 cell setups is here investigated. In a one-compartment Li-O 2 cell, the pyrrolidinium ion is reduced on metallic lithium, producing substantial amounts of alkenes and amines. To avoid this, a simple two-compartment cell is used, with propylene carbonate as anode electrolyte and a Li + -ion solid electrolyte as separator. Another explored option is the substitution of lithium in the one-compartment cell with lithiated LTO (LLTO). Unfortunately, the absence of an SEI leads to the reduction of O 2 at LLTO, making it not useful as counter electrode for Li-O 2 cell evaluation. All the configurations above are characterized by a first discharge specific capacity double than that obtained with unreactive electrolytes. The use of an edge-sealed two-compartment LLTO-Vulcan cell resulted in the usual discharge capacity of ≈200 mAh g −1 C at the first cycle, eliminating the effects of Pyr 14 TFSI reduction; nevertheless, the poor cyclability even in this cell design suggests that Pyr 14 TFSI might not have sufficient long-term stability against the attack of O 2•− during discharge or of oxygen species during charge. © The Author Ionic liquids have attracted much attention as electrolyte solutions for many electrochemical applications in the last decade, like electrochemical actuators and electrochromic windows 1 dye-sensitized solar cells 2 waste treatment, 3 supercapacitors 4 and lithium batteries. 5,6 This is due to their unique properties, like non-flammability and negligible vapor pressure, which would improve battery safety, and their low melting point and reasonably low viscosity, enabling their use as solvents even at room temperature. Another attractive property is their very high anodic electrochemical stability 7 that widens the potential window in which they can be employed in electrochemical applications. Even though their production and purification is more demanding than organic solvents due to their ionic character, they are easy to separate and recycle.All these properties made them attractive also as electrolyte solvents in the non-aqueous Li-O 2 secondary batteries, introduced by K.M. Abraham et al. in 1996. 8 Owing to the high specific capacity of the oxygen cathode of Li-O 2 batteries, their potential application for full-electric vehicles attracted much interest, promising to extend vehicle range. Their practical specific energy, including the weight of inactive electrode components and electrolyte, has been estimated in a recent review, 9 which claims a practically achievable specific energy of 1300 Wh kg −1 for Li-O 2 cells, which would be a roughly four-fold improvement over state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. 10 It is important to note, however, that a more recent analysis of the battery-system level specific energy achievable with Li-O 2 vs. Li-ion batteries suggests that the specific energy improvement would be less than two-fold and the volumetric energy density would be infe...