Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Conducting Polymers: A Review

Lakard, Boris

doi:10.3390/app10186614

Cited by 120 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…In amperometric biosensors, the current produced during the oxidation or reduction of an electroactive biological element at a constant potential applied between a working electrode and a reference electrode is measured, providing specific quantitative analytical information [9][10][11]. These biosensors are inspired by the first amperometric biosensor developed by Clark in 1956, who fabricated an amperometric oxygen sensor producing a current proportional to the oxygen concentration when the potential was applied to a platinum electrode [12].…”

Section: Amperometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During cyclic voltammetry experiments, a current is produced by sweeping the potential applied between two electrodes over a range that is associated with the redox reaction of the analyte. This redox reaction generates a change in peak current that can be correlated to the concentration of the analyte, thus leading to specific quantitative analytical information [9,16,17]. This method has the advantage of providing both qualitative information deduced from the potential location of the current peak and quantitative information deduced from the intensity of the peak current.…”

Section: Cyclic Voltammetry (Cv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, they present other advantages for use in electrochemical biosensing, such as the possibility to be easily modified with functional groups or with nanoparticles, such as metal oxide nanoparticles [117] and metal or carbon nanostructures [118], the formation of a protective layer to avoid surface fouling, high biocompatibility, the possibility to be selective towards target bioanalytes by avoiding the interfering species through hydrophobic, hydrophilic, ion-exchange, or electrostatic interactions [5,6]. For all these reasons, conducting polymers and their nanocomposites are widely used for biomedical applications [119], in particular for electrochemical sensing of biomolecules [9,120], including neurotransmitters such as dopamine [121].…”

Section: Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrochemical Biosensing of Dopamine Neurotransmitter: A Review

2021

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Neurotransmitters are biochemical molecules that transmit a signal from a neuron across the synapse to a target cell, thus being essential to the function of the central and peripheral nervous system. Dopamine is one of the most important catecholamine neurotransmitters since it is involved in many functions of the human central nervous system, including motor control, reward, or reinforcement. It is of utmost importance to quantify the amount of dopamine since abnormal levels can cause a variety of medical and behavioral problems. For instance, Parkinson’s disease is partially caused by the death of dopamine-secreting neurons. To date, various methods have been developed to measure dopamine levels, and electrochemical biosensing seems to be the most viable due to its robustness, selectivity, sensitivity, and the possibility to achieve real-time measurements. Even if the electrochemical detection is not facile due to the presence of electroactive interfering species with similar redox potentials in real biological samples, numerous strategies have been employed to resolve this issue. The objective of this paper is to review the materials (metals and metal oxides, carbon materials, polymers) that are frequently used for the electrochemical biosensing of dopamine and point out their respective advantages and drawbacks. Different types of dopamine biosensors, including (micro)electrodes, biosensing platforms, or field-effect transistors, are also described.

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Section: Amperometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyclic Voltammetry (Cv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Biosensing of Dopamine Neurotransmitter: A Review

2021

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“…Due to significant efforts of researchers, biosensors are applied in the detection of many biologically active compounds in complicated biological aliquots such as blood, blood serum, saliva urine, etc. [ 3 , 4 ]. These sensors are used to solve some still challenging tasks in pharmacy and biomedicine, such as tissue regeneration [ 5 ] or sensor design [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based Affinity Sensors (Review)

2021

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Recent challenges in biomedical diagnostics show that the development of rapid affinity sensors is very important issue. Therefore, in this review we are aiming to outline the most important directions of affinity sensors where polymer-based semiconducting materials are applied. Progress in formation and development of such materials is overviewed and discussed. Some applicability aspects of conducting polymers in the design of affinity sensors are presented. The main attention is focused on bioanalytical application of conducting polymers such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ortho-phenylenediamine. In addition, some other polymers and inorganic materials that are suitable for molecular imprinting technology are also overviewed. Polymerization techniques, which are the most suitable for the development of composite structures suitable for affinity sensors are presented. Analytical signal transduction methods applied in affinity sensors based on polymer-based semiconducting materials are discussed. In this review the most attention is focused on the development and application of molecularly imprinted polymer-based structures, which can replace antibodies, receptors, and many others expensive affinity reagents. The applicability of electrochromic polymers in affinity sensor design is envisaged. Sufficient biocompatibility of some conducting polymers enables to apply them as “stealth coatings” in the future implantable affinity-sensors. Some new perspectives and trends in analytical application of polymer-based semiconducting materials are highlighted.

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“…Some types of redox polymers and redox polymer-based composites can also be applied for this purpose and/or in order to improve the microenvironment required for efficient action of immobilized enzymes or other redox-able proteins [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. However, from this point of view, conducting polymers seem to be the most promising because they can be used in order to advance charge transfer efficiency in bioelectronics-based devices [ 22 ] and some analytical characteristics of biosensors [ 23 , 24 ]. In addition, conducting polymers have great environmental stability [ 25 ] and are characterized by rather good biocompatibility [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge Transfer and Biocompatibility Aspects in Conducting Polymer-Based Enzymatic Biosensors and Biofuel Cells

Ramanavičius

2021

Nanomaterials

127

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Charge transfer (CT) is a very important issue in the design of biosensors and biofuel cells. Some nanomaterials can be applied to facilitate the CT in these bioelectronics-based devices. In this review, we overview some CT mechanisms and/or pathways that are the most frequently established between redox enzymes and electrodes. Facilitation of indirect CT by the application of some nanomaterials is frequently applied in electrochemical enzymatic biosensors and biofuel cells. More sophisticated and still rather rarely observed is direct charge transfer (DCT), which is often addressed as direct electron transfer (DET), therefore, DCT/DET is also targeted and discussed in this review. The application of conducting polymers (CPs) for the immobilization of enzymes and facilitation of charge transfer during the design of biosensors and biofuel cells are overviewed. Significant attention is paid to various ways of synthesis and application of conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Some DCT/DET mechanisms in CP-based sensors and biosensors are discussed, taking into account that not only charge transfer via electrons, but also charge transfer via holes can play a crucial role in the design of bioelectronics-based devices. Biocompatibility aspects of CPs, which provides important advantages essential for implantable bioelectronics, are discussed.

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Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Conducting Polymers: A Review

Cited by 120 publications

References 148 publications

Electrochemical Biosensing of Dopamine Neurotransmitter: A Review

Electrochemical Biosensing of Dopamine Neurotransmitter: A Review

Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based Affinity Sensors (Review)

Charge Transfer and Biocompatibility Aspects in Conducting Polymer-Based Enzymatic Biosensors and Biofuel Cells

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