Electrochemical Capacitance of Nanocomposite Polypyrrole/Cellulose Films

Abstract

Porous nanocomposites consisting of cellulose nanocrystals (CNXLs) and polypyrrole (PPY) were fabricated using electrochemical co-deposition. The CNXLs were extracted from cotton using sulfuric acid hydrolysis and were subjected to 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-mediated oxidation, in which primary hydroxyls were oxidized to carboxylate moieties. The PPY/CNXL composites were electrodeposited from a solution of the carboxylated CNXLs and pyrrole (PY) monomers, and the negatively charged CNXLs were incorporated as the counteranion during electrodeposition. The resulting PPY/CNXL nanocomposites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Cyclic voltammetry and EIS analysis of the PPY/CNXL nanocomposites showed that the stability and specific capacitance of the nanocomposite material were higher than that of PPY containing Cl− anions. The electrochemical performance of the PPY/CNXL nanocomposites was also compared to that of a PPY/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite deposited under the same conditions, which revealed that the PPY/CNXL nanocomposites had a capacitance similar to that of the PPY/CNT nanocomposite and was at least equally as stable as the PPY/CNT nanocomposite.

Coumarin and carbazole fluorescently modified cellulose nanocrystals using a one‐step esterification procedure

“…[2][3][4][5][6] They have been widely studied as a reinforcing agent in a wide range of polymer matrices. [7][8][9] Beside this initial application, the potential of CNCs to be used as a building block in more complex systems has been recognised and they have since been investigated for applications ranging from optical materials, [10,11] to permselective membranes, [12] electrode modifiers for electrochemical sensors, [13] supercapacitors, [14][15][16] and algae flocculants with and without pH responsiveness. [17,18] While many of these applications can make use of "unmodified" cellulose nanocrystals, i.e.…”

Polyaniline- and poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)-cellulose nanocomposite electrodes for supercapacitors

“…The mass-specific capacitances, C sp , of nanocomposite PPY/CNXL electrodes are comparable to those of PPY/CNT nanocomposites synthesised using a similar procedure (336 F g -1 and 319 F g -1 , respectively, based on analysis by cyclic voltammetry), as are the materials' stabilities, demonstrating the opportunities offered by the inexpensive, renewable CNXLs [44]. PPY/CNXL nanocomposites with a C sp of 248 F g -1 have also been prepared by chemical synthesis [45].…”

“…CNXLs have attracted a lot of attention in recent years [41,42] and their incorporation into PPY-based composites using electrochemical co-deposition has yielded promising electrode materials for supercapacitors [43,44]. The mass-specific capacitances, C sp , of nanocomposite PPY/CNXL electrodes are comparable to those of PPY/CNT nanocomposites synthesised using a similar procedure (336 F g -1 and 319 F g -1 , respectively, based on analysis by cyclic voltammetry), as are the materials' stabilities, demonstrating the opportunities offered by the inexpensive, renewable CNXLs [44].…”

Conductive Elastomers with Autonomic Self‐Healing Properties

“…[43] These observations were attributed to the electrically conducting nature of the human body.T he skin tissue displays ac ertain electric field, as the finger comes closer to the surface of the sensor material, and the fringe electric field produced by the material is disturbed because of at iny electric charge transfer from the finger,inducing fluctuations in the resistance. [43][44][45][46] This human skin recognition capacity of PHEMA-SWCNT composites makes them good candidates for smart robotics.…”