Electrochemical characterisation of process of ruthenium based surface activation for electroless nickel plating

Electroless Ni–W–P Coating and Its Nano-WS2 Composite: Preparation and Properties

“…Autocatalytic electroless deposition is a widely used surface modification process for numerous applications because of its deposit properties such as excellent corrosion and wear resistance, deposit uniformity, solderbility, electrocatalytic activity, etc. − It has been found that most of the properties of electroless nickel deposits are structure dependent, and the structure is sensitive to the P content of the coatings . Though electroless binary Ni–P alloys have had extensive applications due to their properties, the electroless ternary alloys such as Ni–W–P, Ni–Cu–P, Ni–Zn–P, Ni–Co–P, Ni–Re–P, Ni–Sn–P, and Ni–Fe–P, etc., have been developed.…”