Electrochemical characterization of copper deposited on plasma and thermally modified titanium surfaces

Teng, Karseng; Delplancke, Jean‐Luc; Zhang, Jing; O’Keefe, Thomas J.

doi:10.1007/s11663-998-0133-8

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…There are various technologies used to produce markings, including printing, plasma treatment [11,21], electrochemical treatment, magnetron sputtering, micro-arc oxidation [22,23], anodising [1,8,24], cold spray [17] and laser induced oxidation [1,2,9,25]. The most important is smaller.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Laser Colour Marking on the Corrosion Properties of Low Alloyed Ti

et al. 2019

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In the field of surface treatment, laser colour marking can be used to produce coloured marks on the surfaces of metals. Laser colour markings can be applied to various materials, but on titanium alloys a wide spectra of vivid colours can be achieved. This study presents an analysis of the corrosion properties of laser treated surfaces that were exposed to aggressive environments. Different samples were prepared with laser light of various power intensities and processing speeds. The samples were prepared on low alloyed Ti. Electrochemical, spectroscopic and microstructural analyses were conducted in order to study the properties of the laser treated surfaces. Corrosion testing showed different effects of laser power and production speed on the properties of the laser treated surfaces. It was shown that a high intensity and slow processing rate affect the surfaces by forming oxides that are relatively stable in a corrosive environment of 0.1 M NaCl. Spectroscopic investigations including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed the differences in chemical structure of the surface layer formed after laser treatment. Similarly, microstructural investigations showed different effects on the surface and sub-surface layer of the laser treated samples. advantages of laser induced oxidation are that the process is non-contact and that the marking of smaller surfaces can be made fast at relatively low cost. The produced markings are very sharp, reproducible and precise. Another benefit is that the process enables flexible change of marking colours on the fly with respect to laser processing parameters [6,[13][14][15][16].Titanium and its alloys have several specific properties, like good strength to weight ratio, high strength, good chemical stability, high temperature stability, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and resistance to fatigue and wear, and can be heat treated or surface treated in order to achieve particular hardness and strength [11,26].Laser induced oxidation of metals is a gaseous high-temperature corrosion process, where thin layers of oxides or other more complex oxidation formations are formed. With this process, different colours can be produced on the titanium surface. During laser oxidation, titanium oxides are formed at the surface if the marking is carried out in an oxidative atmosphere. Titanium oxides are not expensive, biocompatible, non-toxic and mechanically and chemically stable [16]. On the surfaces, there are thin layers present in the form of anatase, brookite, rutile or in the amorphous phase [6,13,16]. In the white light spectrum, they are highly transparent and exhibit a wide spectrum of vivid colours as a result of the interference between white light and the borders between different phases. The obtained colours depend on the thickness of the oxide layer, refractive index and the interference between light and incidence angle [6,13,15,27]. There are many laser parameters, such as pulse duration, pulse repetition rate, pulse en...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Laser Colour Marking on the Corrosion Properties of Low Alloyed Ti

et al. 2019

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“…Various techniques can be used to obtain a titanium oxide coating: cathodic deposition [9], plasma deposition [10], laser deposition [11], magnetron sputtering [12], thermal oxidation [13], electrolytic oxidation (anodizing) [7,14], and laser oxidation [8,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of process parameters on the laser-induced coloring of titanium

et al. 2013

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This paper presents the results of the measurements and analysis of the influence of laser process parameters on the color obtained. The study was conducted for titanium (Grade 2) using a commercially available industrial pulsed fiber laser. It was determined how a variety of different laser process parameters, such as laser power, the scanning speed of the material, the temperature of the material, the size of the marked area, and the position of the sample, relative to both the focal plane and the center of the working field of the system, affect the repeatability of the colors created. For an objective assessment of color changes, an optical spectrometer and the CIE color difference parameter E * ab were used. Our paper explains why the tolerance of process parameters highly depends on the specific color. Additionally, a comparison of the results for titanium with those obtained for stainless steel in a previous study is presented. Based on this analysis, a number of necessary modifications are proposed to laser systems commonly used for monochrome marking in order to improve repeatability in color marking.

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“…A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T 3 exist to obtain a titanium oxide layer, namely, electrolytic oxidation (anodizing) [3], magnetron sputtering [4], thermal oxidation [5], cathodic deposition [6], plasma deposition [7] and laser deposition [8]. As a thermal source, laser provides a more flexible, precise and selective tool to obtain these layers with a high dimensional precision on metallic surfaces [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

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confidence: 99%