Electrochemical Decolorization and Removal of Indigo Carmine Textile Dye from Wastewater

Abstract

The present paper discusses an integrated electrochemical decolorization/degradation treatment procedure of indigo carmine dye, which comprises electrocoagulation, electrooxidation and advanced electrochemical oxidation using the electro-Fenton process.The electrocoagulation process is performed by sacrificial iron electrodes, the indirect electrooxidation process by dimensionally stable Ti/Pt and graphite electrodes in NaCl electrolyte solution, and the electro-Fenton process by iron electrodes and added amounts of H 2 O 2 . All electrochemical experiments are conducted in the same electrochemical cell with the same apparent electrode surface and interelectrode distance.The three different electrochemical processes are discussed, their efficiencies compared and evaluated. The initial dye concentration of 100 mg l -1 was fast and efficiently removed in only a few minutes of electroprocessing time. The electro-Fenton treatment is the fastest, most efficient and economical process operated at very low current densities of 0.33 and 0.66 mA cm -2 and consuming only 4.75x10 -3 and 5.23x10 -3 kWh m -3 of treated solution respectively. The electrocoagulation treatment with iron electrodes and the electrooxidation process with Ti/Pt electrodes conducted at applied current densities of 5 mA cm -2 consumed 0.511 and 0.825 kWh m -3 of treated solution respectively. The proposed procedure is a safe, economical and efficient method for removal of indigo carmine dye from aqueous solutions and dye house effluents.

Study Kinetic Reaction and Removal of Indigo Carmine Dye in Aqueous Solutions by Direct Electrochemical Oxidation

“…We can obtain the order of reaction through the relationship between ln(C/ ) and time as shown in figure (6). 6) that the relationship is linear, so the reaction became first order and that agrees with searcher Huimin Yang [24].…”

“…Approximately 1000 of wastewater supports typical medium-textile factories every day. Roughly 30 percent of the applied dyes are expected to remain unfixed and released into the effluent [6].Wastewaters with coloring are toxic to the environment because coloring compounds are stable could be the reason for cancer [7]. Because of existing aromatic bands that Abdelhedi studied the removal of boron-doped diamonds.…”

The Biodegradation of Indigo Carmine by Bacillus safensis HL3 Spore and Toxicity Analysis of the Degradation Products

“…Indigo carmine (5,5′-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt) is a typical dark-blue anionic isatin dye used to dye denim [ 4 ]. However, it is a recalcitrant dye and is severely damaging to organism health such as the injuring hepatocyte membranes [ 5 ], elevating blood pressure [ 6 ], etc.…”