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In the present work, it has been proved that the direct anodic electrochemical oxidation method is effective for removing indigo carmine dye through an application on simulated textile effluent confirmed by tests of UV-visible and COD. The effect of several factors such as current density (3,6,9) mA/cm2 electrolyte temperature (20,30,40,50)°C, and initial coloring concentration (250, 500, 1000) ppm, area ratio of electrode (anode/cathode) (1:1) and electrode spacing (0.5,1,1.5)cm) were investigated using a well design electrochemical cell. The experiment shows that the optimum condition for removing indigo carmine dye from simulated textile wastewater are current density (9 mA/cm2), temperature (40°C), concentration (250 ppm), electrodes distance (0.5 cm) and power consumption (3.238 w.h/m3) with removal percent (61.7%). pseudo-first-order the reaction was most to statistically appropriate describing the machine direct anodic electrochemical oxidation of indigo carmine.

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Over the past 20 years the scientific community has become interested in microbial fuel cell microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology, because it offers the potential for the direct conversion of organic waste into power generation through microbially catalysed anodic and microbial–enzymatic–abiotic cathodic electrochemical reactions. Several facts about the technology are taken into account in this evaluation. A brief history of abiotic to biological fuel cells is presented, as well as a presentation of microbial fuel cells and a description of the concept of a microbial fuel cell in a broader range of derivative technologies known as bio‐electrochemical systems with biofilm formation, aerobic and anaerobic digestion of organic materials contained in the substrates and how electrons transfer from the surface of the biofilm to the outer circle. Microbial electrolysis cells, and electro‐synthesis cells are briefly discussed. MFC can be improved through the understanding of previous studies by defining the method of work and the theoretical foundations on which they are built. Moreover, the wide range of criteria that is likely to restrict their performance can be determined by providing a brief explanation of components that make them up. Thermodynamic and biotic factors and the mechanism of operation of these bio‐electrochemical systems need to be considered. A review of the various components that make up the MFC will be proposed, allowing for the illumination of the several scientific locks that continue to limit the technology's effectiveness. This review will provide a discussion of the mechanism of MFCs and provide details about the action of electrically active bacteria in the anode chamber through the generation of electroactive biofilms and the conversion of part of the energy available in the substrates, and this is one of renewable energy which is highlighted by researchers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

The present experimental study used a successful advanced electrochemical oxidation process (AEOP) and a parallel-plate electrochemical reactor to investigate the potential of electrochemical oxidation (EO) treatment method for real produced wastewater produced by the Al-Samawah petroleum refinery. In electrochemical oxidation, several electrodes type were employed, with carbon felt and graphite plate serving as the anode. Tests of total organic compounds and chemical oxygen demand have confirmed this. The influence of numerous operational factors on performance, such as current density, supporting electrolyte, the distance between electrodes, and temperature, has been investigated, as well as the energy consumption. After 1 hour of treatment, results were obtained at 40°C, and 15 mA/cm2 using graphite plate anode, that the COD removal was 77.509%. And the TOC removal was 68.13%, by using the direct Electrooxidation technique and COD removal 86.802%, TOC removal 70.662% by using indirect Electrooxidation.