Electrochemical depolymerisation of lignin in a deep eutectic solvent

Marino, Davide Di; Stöckmann, David; Kriescher, Stefanie; Stiefel, Serafin; Weßling, Matthias

doi:10.1039/c6gc01353h

Cited by 143 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These results are in accordance with our earlier research and a possible explanation could be the depletion of reactive side chains available for polymerization ,. The described repolymerization phase and the subsequent depolymerization phase seem to be dependent on the applied potential as already discussed in previous studies . The polymerization phase shortens at higher potentials although a higher relative average molecular weight maximum is achieved.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Electrochemical processes in aqueous sodium hydroxide electrolyte may benefit from the hydroxyl radicals formed in situ (indirect mechanism), although they represent an unselective oxidant medium. Alternatively, the electrochemical process may be a direct reaction at the electrode surface (direct mechanism) ,. Additionally, oxygen produced at the anode via water electrolysis can further react at the cathode and be reduced to hydrogen peroxide that decomposes into a series of reactive oxygen species .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carboxylic Acids Production via Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin

Marino¹,

Jestel²,

Marks³

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

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Facing the challenge of lignin valorization is one of the unsolved key steps for a sustainable and economically feasible biorefinery. Several processes were developed with the aim of producing value-added compounds from lignin. Thermal, enzymatic, and catalytic processes represent common techniques for lignin valorization. However, expensive catalysts or enzymes and harsh conditions hampered the implementation of these methodologies on an industrial scale. Here, we propose the utilization of a simple "swiss-roll" electrochemical reactor for the production of valuable carboxylic acids. We showcase that production of phenolic compounds, such as vanillin, is hindered by the electrochemical mechanism. Additionally, electrochemical stability experiments of possible products showed high reactivity of vanillin against the low reactivity of mono-and dicarboxylic acids. Simultaneously, the electrochemical process leads to stable carboxylic acids with high yields of 6.4, 26.8, and 4.2 % for oxalic, formic, and acetic acids, respectively, thus representing a competitive alternative to the catalytic and hydrothermal degradation process for the production of carboxylic acids.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carboxylic Acids Production via Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin

Marino¹,

Jestel²,

Marks³

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

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“…DES recovery in four additional extraction cycles was also demonstrated.F inally,t he successfule xtraction of xylans from Eucalyptus globulus wood by using aqueouss olutions of DES was demonstrated. potentialo fN ADES for lignin dissolution [21] and depolymerization, [22][23][24] as well as for polysaccharides dissolution. [25,26] However,c onsidering that hydrogen bondingi sa ne ssential aspect in DES formation,a sw ell as in the solubility andp rocessing behavior of polysaccharides, it might be expected that DES will have the ability to efficientlyd isrupt the intermolecularh ydrogen bondingo fp olysaccharides, and as ar esult, promoting their efficient solubilization/processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Eutectic Solvent Aqueous Solutions as Efficient Media for the Solubilization of Hardwood Xylans

et al. 2018

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This work contributes to the development of integrated lignocellulosic-based biorefineries by the pioneering exploitation of hardwood xylans by solubilization and extraction in deep eutectic solvents (DES). DES formed by choline chloride and urea or acetic acid were initially evaluated as solvents for commercial xylan as a model compound. The effects of temperature, molar ratio, and concentration of the DES aqueous solutions were evaluated and optimized by using a response surface methodology. The results obtained demonstrated the potential of these solvents, with 328.23 g L of xylan solubilization using 66.7 wt % DES in water at 80 °C. Furthermore, xylans could be recovered by precipitation from the DES aqueous media in yields above 90 %. The detailed characterization of the xylans recovered after solubilization in aqueous DES demonstrated that 4-O-methyl groups were eliminated from the 4-O-methylglucuronic acids moieties and uronic acids (15 %) were cleaved from the xylan backbone during this process. The similar M values of both pristine and recovered xylans confirmed the success of the reported procedure. DES recovery in four additional extraction cycles was also demonstrated. Finally, the successful extraction of xylans from Eucalyptus globulus wood by using aqueous solutions of DES was demonstrated.

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“…Thus, DESs possess the same favourable properties as ILs, including negligible volatility at room temperature, wide liquid range, tunable viscosity, superior thermal stability and designable structures . Additionally, DESs are considered superior to ILs for the properties of biodegradability, environmental friendliness and lower costs for preparation, and have been used in various chemistry fields, including catalysis, organic chemistry, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, and extraction processes of chemical compounds …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8] Additionally, DESs are considered superior to ILs for the properties of biodegradability, environmental friendliness and lower costs for preparation, and have been used in various chemistry fields, including catalysis, organic chemistry, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, and extraction processes of chemical compounds. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The Epimedium herb, Yinyanghuo in Chinese, is a famous Chinese herbal medicine. In the 2015 version of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, "Yinyanghuo" were identified as the dried leaves of E. brevicornu Maxim., E. sagittatum (Sieb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient extraction and determination of prenylflavonol glycosides in Epimedium pubescens Maxim. using deep eutectic solvents

Wang

Peng

Zhao

et al. 2019

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction The Epimedium herb, Yinyanghuo in Chinese, is a famous Chinese herbal medicine. In this study, an efficient extraction method was developed for the extraction of major bioactive constituent epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C and icariin from E. pubescens Maxim. using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Methodology A series of choline chloride‐based DESs were synthesised for the extraction of four target compounds. DES composed of lactic acid and choline chloride with the ratio of 2:1 was selected as the most promising. Three vital factors affecting the extraction yields including water content, volume of DES aqueous solution and extraction time were optimised systematically by Box–Behnken experimental design in combination with response surface methodology. A high‐performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV) method was developed for the sensitive and accurate quantification. Results The optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows: water content of 17.5% (v/v), volume of DES aqueous solution 3.14 ml, and extraction time of 21 min. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the developed DES method could supply almost the same extraction yield as 50% ethanol, which were 98%, 99%, 97%, 96% for epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C and icariin, respectively. Conclusion The present study exhibited high efficiency in extraction of prenylflavonol glycosides in E. pubescens Maxim. Thus, DESs could be used as an alternative for efficient extraction and quantification of biologically active components from natural medical plants.

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Electrochemical depolymerisation of lignin in a deep eutectic solvent

Abstract: Lignin is an important renewable resource that could substitute fossil feedstocks. An electrochemical depolymerisation of lignin generating aromatic compounds is possible by using a deep eutectic solvent.

Cited by 143 publications

References 28 publications

Carboxylic Acids Production via Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin

Carboxylic Acids Production via Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin

Deep Eutectic Solvent Aqueous Solutions as Efficient Media for the Solubilization of Hardwood Xylans

Efficient extraction and determination of prenylflavonol glycosides in Epimedium pubescens Maxim. using deep eutectic solvents

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